Infection Formative Flashcards
What is the most common cause of an outbreak of nausea and vomiting on a cruise ship?
Norovirus
What is the commonest cause of traveller’s diarrhoea?
Enterotoxigenic E.coli
Which diarrhoea is not Dx by culture?
Clostridium Difficile
A 22 year M presents to A& E with this a non-blanching petechial rash which extends in patches over his chest, abdomen and leg and developed over 6hrs. He is hypotensive (80/50) and pyrexial (39.1) Suspecting meningococcal septicaemia what should your immediate actions be?
Call for senior help
Give fast IV fluids
IV high dose Abx (e.g Ceftriaxone)
Blood cultures
What should family/close contacts be given as meningococcal septicaemia prophylaxis
Rifampicin or Ciprofloxacin
What is the most likely reason for hypotension, low sodium and high potassium 4 days after meningococcal septicaemia
Adrenal Insufficiency
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome
Which component of Neisseria Meningitidis causes septic shock?
Lipo-polysaccharide
For which of the following infections is there no vaccine? HAV HCV Polio Typhoid Yellow fever
HCV
Which of the following is true of active immunisation?
- always contains live organism
- contains immunoglobulin
- gives immediate protection against infection
- stimulates the host immune response
Stimulates the host immune response
Which organism is the most likely to cause oral thrush
Candida albicans
You are taking blood from an acutely ill HIV positive patient in the infection unit at midnight and you accidentally stab yourself with the needle. What do you do first?
Wash the wound and encourage bleeding
Risk of blood borne virus transmission is highest in?
HIV
HCV
HBV
HBV
What is the commonest bacterial cause of infective diarrhoea in the UK
Campylobacter
In meningococcal meningitis what would you expect to find in the CSF regarding glucose, protein and organism
High protein
Low glucose
Gram -ve cocci
You have isolated E.coli from two sets of blood cultures taken on a jaundiced patient who was admitted in septic shock. Which of the following is a likely source?
- biliary sepsis
- gastroenteritis
- infective endocarditis
- osteomyelitis
- pneumonia
Biliary sepsis (clue is in the jaundice)
27yr F
6 wk Hx of dry cough, weight loss and fever
3 months after returning from working in a Bolivian Orphanage
Most likely Dx is
Tuberculosis
TB
Which rapid test would help confirm TB
ZN stan
What is the treatment of TB
RIPE Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol
all for 4
R and I for further 2
Overall 6 months treatment
How do you confirm the diagnosis of legionella pneumonia
Urinary antigen
What is the treatment for E.coli O157
No medication
Supportive only
Why do you not give abx in E.coli O157 infection
It increases the risk of Heamolytic Uremic Syndrome
What is the most important Ix in the suspection of malaria
Malaria film +/- antigen test
A blood film confirms Plasmodium Falciparum infection with a parasitaemia of 6%
What is the most appropriate Rx
IV Artesunate
Name the components of CURB65
Confusion Urea >7mmol/l Resp. Rate >30 Blood pressure (diastolic <60, systolic <90) Age 65 or over
Name a common complication of pneumonia
Empyema
What is the management of empyema
Commence Abx therapy
Drainage of pleural fluid
USS guided diagnostic aspiration
