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Infection Erin > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main modes of actions of antibiotics

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
Inhibition of Nucleic Acid

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2
Q

What are the 2 main groups of antibiotics which inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall

A

B lactams

Glycopeptides

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3
Q

What are the 2 man groups of B-Lactams

A

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

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4
Q

What are the 2 main glycopeptide antibiotics

A

Vancomycin

Teicoplanin

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of penicillin

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Cephalosporins

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of glycopeptide antibiotics

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

Which 3 groups of antibiotic inhibit protein synthesis

A

Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines

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9
Q

What is the action of aminoglycosides

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis

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10
Q

What is the main action of macrolides

A

Inhibition of Protein synthesis

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11
Q

What is the main action of tetracyclines

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis

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12
Q

What groups of antibiotics work by inhibition the synthesis of nuclei acid (DNA)

A

Trimethorprim/Sulfonamides

Quinolones

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13
Q

What is the main action of Trimethoprim

A

Inhibition of nuclei acid synthesis

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14
Q

What is the main action of Quinolones

A

Inhibition of Nuclei Acid Synthesis

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15
Q

Give examples of Penicillins

A

Benzylpenicillin
Amoxicillin
Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav

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16
Q

Which organisms is benzylpenicillin effective against

A

Streptococci

Neisseria spirochetes

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17
Q

What is benzylpenicillin used to treat

A 
Soft tissue 
Pneumococcal 
Meningococcal 
Syphillis 
Gonorrhoea
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18
Q

Pros of benzylpenicillin

A

It is cheap

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19
Q

Which organisms is amoxicillin effective against

A

Broad spectrum but resistance is common

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20
Q

Pro of amoxicillin

A

Cheap

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21
Q

Which organisms is flucloxacillin against

A

Staphylococci

Staph. Aureus infection

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22
Q

What is a pro of flucloxacillin

A

Cheap

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23
Q

Which organisms co-amoxiclav used to treat

A

Broad spectrum

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24
Q

What is co-amoxiclav effective against

A

UTI
RTI
Soft tissue infections
Surgical wounds

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25
Q

What is a con of co-amoxiclav

A

It is associated with C. Diff infection

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26
Q

Name the 4 Cephalosporins

A

Cefradine
Cefuroxime
Ceftriaxone
Ceftazidime

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27
Q

What is ceftriaxone used to treat

A

Hospital infections e.g bacteriaemia, Pneumonia

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28
Q

Con of ceftriaxone

A

C.diff infection

29
Q

What is ceftazimide effective against

A

Psuedomonal infections in hospital and in CF

30
Q

What is Cefradine used to treat

A

UTI

Soft tissue infection

31
Q

Name 1 abx in aminoglycoside group

A

Gentamicin

32
Q

What gram is gentamicin used to treat

A

Gram -ve

33
Q

What is gentamicin used to treat

A

Serious gram -ve infections
Bacteriaemia
Endocarditis
Neutropenic sepsis

34
Q

Cons of gentamicin

A

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

35
Q

Name 3 macrolides

A

Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Azithromycin

36
Q

What is clarithromycin used to treat

A

Resp infection
Soft tissue
STD

37
Q

What is erythromycin used to treat

A

Resp infection
Soft tissue infection
STD

38
Q

Name 2 quinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

39
Q

Name the 2 glycopeptides

A

Vancomycin

Teicoplanin

40
Q

Con of ciprofloxacin

A

Assoc with C diff infection

41
Q

What is ciprofloxacin used to treat

A

Complicated UTI
Complicated hospital acquired pneumonia
Some GI infections

42
Q

What is trimethoprim used to treat

A

UTI
Resp infection
MRSA

43
Q

What is doxycycline used to treat

A

Q fever
Brucellosis
Chlamydia
Atypical pneumonia

44
Q

What is Rifampicin used to treat

A

TB
MRSA
Meningococcal prophylaxis

45
Q

What type of abx is co-trimoxazole

A

Broad spectrum

46
Q

What is co-trimoxazole used to treat

A

Resp infection

47
Q

Con of clindamycin

A

C/diff infection

48
Q

What is metrondazole used to treat

A

Anaerobes

Protozoa (e.g parasitic infection)

49
Q

Name 3 azole antifungals

A

Fluconzole
Itraconazole
Voriconazole

50
Q

What is fluconazole used to treat

A

Candida

51
Q

What is itraconazole and voriconazole used to treat

A

Candida and Aspergillus

52
Q

What are terbinafine antifungals used to treat

A

Tinea

Fungal nail infections

53
Q

Name 2 polyene antigufngals

A

Amphotericin

Nystatin

54
Q

What is amphotericin used to treat

A

Candida and aspergillus

55
Q

What is nystatin used to treat

A

Candida

56
Q

Broad groups of antifungals

A

Azoles
Polyenes
Echinocandins
Terbinafine

57
Q

Name 3 types of echinocandins

A

Caspofungin
Anidulafungin
Micafungin

58
Q

Do antiviral eradicate virus from latently infected cells e.g HSV

A

No

59
Q

When are antivirals use in chicken pox

A

Any increased risk of complications
Neonate
Immunocompromised
Pregnant

60
Q

Rx used for shingles

A

Aciclovir
Valaciclovir
Famciclovir
Foscarnet

61
Q

Which antivirals are used for chronic HBV infection

A

Pregylated interferon alpha

Nucleoside/tide analogues (e.g lamivudine, entecavir, adefovir)

62
Q

Which antivirals are used to treat influenzae A or B

A

Oseltamivir

Zanamivir

63
Q

What are the current anti-viral therapies for HCV

A

Pegylated interferon alpha
Ribavirin
Plus protease inhibitor (e.g telaprevir)

64
Q

Which anti-viral is used in HSV infection

A

Aciclovir

65
Q

How is aciclovir delivered in HSV encephalitis

A

IV

66
Q

How is influenzae most commonly prevented

A

Vaccination

67
Q

How quickly does influenzae treatment need to be given

A

<48hrs

68
Q

Common problem with vancomycin

A

Toxicity

Infection Erin (10 decks)

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