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CPT Drugs > Infection Drugs > Flashcards

Infection Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis

A

Beta lactams

Glycopeptides

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2
Q

Antibiotics that interfere with protein synthesis

A

Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides

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3
Q

Antibiotics that interfere with nucleic acid synthesis

A

Quinolones
Trimethoprim
Rifampicin

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4
Q

Cefalexin drug class

A

Cephalosporin

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5
Q

Cefalexin mechanism of action

A

Binds to penicillin binding proteins and disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis leading to bacterial cell lysis and death.

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6
Q

Cefalexin indications

A

Pneumonia
Meningitis
UTI
Sinusitis

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7
Q

Cefalexin ADR

A

GI upset
Dizziness
Headache
Skin reactions

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8
Q

Cefalexin cautions

A

Renal impairment

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9
Q

Cefalexin DDI

A

Loop diuretics
Gentamicin
Penicillins

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10
Q

Macrolide examples

A

Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Azithromycin

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11
Q

Macrolide mechanism of action

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by an effect on ribosomal translocation

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12
Q

Macrolide indications

A 
Bone and joint infections 
Pneumonia 
UTI
Bacterial meningitis 
Atypical respiratory pathogens
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13
Q

Macrolide cautions

A

May aggregate myasthenia gravis

Prolongs QT interval

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14
Q

Macrolide ADR

A 
Electrolyte imbalance 
GI upset 
Headache
Pancreatitis 
Decrease in appetite
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15
Q

Macrolide DDI

A

Other antibiotics

Atorvastatin

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16
Q

Penicillin examples

A

Amoxicillin
Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav

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17
Q

What is co-amoxiclav ?

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid which is a beta lactamase inhibitor
Beta lactamase is an enzyme used by certain bacteria to breakdown beta lactam antibiotics

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18
Q

Penicillin indications

A 
Bacterial meningitis 
Bone and joint infections 
Skin and soft tissue infections
Otitis media
UTI
STI
19
Q

Penicillin mechanism of action

A

They bind to penicillin binding protein on bacteria. They then inhibit the transpeptidation enzyme which links peptidoglycan chains to form the rigid cell wall. This causes a disruption in the cell wall structure.

20
Q

Penicillin caution

A

Allergies

21
Q

Penicillin ADR

A

GI upset
Skin reactions
Thrombocytopenia

22
Q

Penicillin DDI

A

Methotrexate
Other antibiotics
Phenytoin

23
Q

Quinolone example

A

Ciprofloxacin

24
Q

Quinolone mechanism of action

A

Inhibit topoisomerase II which is an enzyme that produces a negative supercoil and therefore permits transcription or replication.

25
Q

Quinolone indications

A

Complicated UTI
Gonorrhoea
Pseudomonas aeruginosa cover

26
Q

Quinolones ADR

A

GI upset
Skin reactions
Aortic dissection
Headache

27
Q

Tetracycline examples

A

Doxycycline

Tetracycline

28
Q

Tetracycline mechanism of action

A

Bind to bacterial ribosomes and prevent binding of tRNA. This prevents the initiation of protein synthesis

29
Q

Tetracycline indications

A

Respiratory tract infections
Acne
Chlamydia
Lyme disease

30
Q

Tetracycline cautions

A

Shouldn’t be given to children under 12, in pregnancy or breastfeeding people as it cuases staining of developing teeth

31
Q

Tetracycline ADR

A

Angioedema
GI upset
Skin reactions
Photosensitivity reactions

32
Q

Trimethoprim mechanism of action

A

It reversibly inhibits dihydrofolate reductase which is responsible for the production of an acid essential for the biosynthesis of bacterial nucleic acids and proteins

33
Q

Trimethoprim indications

A

UTI

34
Q

Trimethoprim drug class

A

Folate antagonist

35
Q

Metronidazole mechanism of action

A

Not completely established however it is though it blocks nucleic acid synthesis

36
Q

Metronidazole caution

A

Has disulfiram like actions so must avoid alcohol when using

37
Q

What is metronidazole used against ?

A

Anaerobic bacteria and Protozoa

38
Q

Nitrofurantoin drug class

A

Nitrofuran

39
Q

Nitrofurantoin indications

A

UTI

40
Q

Aciclovir drug class

A

DNA polymerase inhibitor

41
Q

Aciclovir mechanism of action

A

Inhibits DNA polymerase in viruses

42
Q

Aciclovir indications

A

Herpes simplex infections - genital herpes and encephalitis

Varicella zoster - chicken pox and shingles

43
Q

Aciclovir ADR

A

Angioedema
Drowsiness
Dysarthria

44
Q

Metronidazole ADR

A

Dry mouth
Skin reactions
Nausea

CPT Drugs (9 decks)

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