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CPT Drugs > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Antacids and Alginates Example

A

Gavsicon

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2
Q

Antacids and Alginates mechanism of action

A

Antacids buffer stomach acid by increasing the pH and alginic acid increases stomach content viscosity and reduces reflex

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3
Q

Antacids and Alginates ADRs

A

Antacids such as aluminium salts cuase constipation

Antacids such as magnesium salts cause diarrhoea

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4
Q

Antacids and Alginates Drug interactions

A

Can reduce absorption of many drugs so doses should be separated

Increases urine alkalinity which increases aspiin excretion

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5
Q

Antacids and Alginates contra-indications

A

Patients with renal failure

Patients with diabetes mellitus

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6
Q

Muscarinic receptor antagonist example

A

Hyoscine hydrobromide

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7
Q

Muscarinic receptor Antagonists mechanism of action

A

Competitively blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the vestibular nuclei and at the chemoreceptor trigger zone

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8
Q

Muscarinic receptor Antagonists ADR

A

Sedation

Memory problems

Glaucoma

Dry mouth

Constipation

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9
Q

Muscarinic receptor Antagonists indications

A

Motion sickness

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10
Q

H2 receptor antagonists example

A

Ranitidine

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11
Q

H2 receptor antagonists mechanism of action

A

Inhibition of histmine 2 receptors which decreases acid secretion

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12
Q

H2 receptor antagonist ADR

A

Diarrhoea

Headache

However usually well tolerated

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13
Q

H2 receptor antagonist contra-indications

A

It may mask symptoms of gastro-oesophageal cancer

Renal impairment

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14
Q

Proton pump inhibitor examples

A

Lansoprazole

Omeprazole

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15
Q

Proton pump inhibitor mechanism of action

A

They irreversibly inhibit H+ / K+ ATPase in gatsric parietal cells and significantly decreases gastric acid secretions

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16
Q

Antacids and alginates indications

A

GORD

Indigestion

17
Q

H2 receptor antagonists inidcation

A

Gastric ulcers

Duodenal ulcers

Indigestion

GORD

18
Q

Proton pump inhibitor ADRs

A

Abdominal pain

Constipation

Diarrhoea

Headache

Dizziness

Confusion and drowsiness

19
Q

Proton pump inhibitor drug interactions

A

Omeprazole is a CYP inhibitor

Decreases clopidogrel action

Increases effects of warfarin and phenytoin

20
Q

Proton pump inhibitor indications

A

H.pylori eradication

Gastric ulcers

Duodenal ulcers

GORD

21
Q

Opoid receptor agonist ( anti motility ) examples

A

Loperamide

Codeine

Morphine

22
Q

Opoid receptor agonist ( anti motility ) indications

A

Diarrhoea

Faecal incontinence

23
Q

Opoid receptor agonist ( anti motility ) mechanism of action

A

Binds to µ and δ receptors. This decreases tone of longitudinal and circular smooth muscle. It also reduces peristalsis but increases segmental contractions.
There is decreased colonic mass movement by supressing the gastrocolic reflex.

24
Q

Opiod receptor agonist ( anti-motility ) ADRs

A

Paralytic ileus

Nausea and vomiting

Sedation

Addiction

25
Q

Opiod receptor agonist ( anti - motility ) drug interactions

A

Other pain medications

26
Q

Osmotic laxatives examples

A

Lactulose

Movicol

Cosmocol

27
Q

Osmotic laxatives mechanism of action

A

Increase the amount of water in the large bowel
Lactulose - draw fluid in
Macrogols - retain water they came in with

28
Q

Osmotic laxative indications

A

Constipation

29
Q

Osmotic laxatives ADRs

A

Electrolyte imbalance

Flatulence

Nausea

Vomiting

30
Q

Stimulant laxatives indication

A

Constipation

31
Q

Stimulant laxative examples

A

Bisacodyl

Senna - over the counter

Docusate sodium

32
Q

Stimulant laxatives mechanism of action

A

Increases intestinal motility

33
Q

Stimulant laxatives ADRs

A

Nausea

Vomiting

34
Q

Bulk forming laxatives examples

A

Ispaghula husk

Methylcellulose

35
Q

Bulk forming laxatives mechanism of action

A

Increase faecal mass stimulating peristalsis

36
Q

Bulk forming laxatives indications

A

Constipation

37
Q

Bulk forming laxatives ADRs

A

Abdominal distension

38
Q

Bulk forming laxatives cautions

A

Adequate fluid intake should be maintained to avoid obstructions

CPT Drugs (9 decks)

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