Infection Cure and stuff

Question 1

How to identify infectious agents as cause of cancer

Answer 1

1) Tumour bearing host has evidence of infection
2) persistance evidence of viruses(DNA,RNA, proteins, viruses in culture) in tumour cells
3) Virus can transform cell in vitro
4) virus can induce tumours in experimental host

ULTIMATE- prevention of infection will prevent the

Question 2

Associations between virus and tumour

Answer 2

long latency periods
small percentage of infected progress
mutistep pathogenis
Virus is one link( break link stops cancer)

Question 3

Epsin Bar Virus(EBV) evidence for

Answer 3

majority fo population is infected
long life
transforms B-lymphoyets in culture

Question 4

EBV mechanism

Answer 4

Latent GenesLMP1 and LMP2A EBNA1, LMP, BArts, BARF1

Mimics Germinal centre reaction
LMP1- mimics CD40L:CD40: (T cell help)
LMP2A- mimics BCR interaction with antigen

Question 5

Diseases Caused by EBV

Answer 5

lymphoproliferative disease& immunoblastic Lymphomas
Endemic Burkett Lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Question 6

lymphoproliferative disease& immunoblastic Lymphomas

Characteristics and treatment

Answer 6

results of polyclonal B cell proliferation and monoclonal NHLs
no chromosonal changes

Expresses EBV late genes
Treatment- EBV specific cytotoxic T cells

Question 7

Endemic Burkett Lymphoma

Answer 7

all EBV genome postitive
c-myc translocation to IG heavy or light chains
not effected by t cell control
restricted latent gene seen- EBNA1

Treatment Chemo

Question 8

Nasopharyngeal carcimona

Characterictics and Treatment

Answer 8

Elevated EBV antibodies and EBV DNA- use as a prognostic marker
Greater resitricted latent gene expression
always associated with EBV
associated with diets- satled fish

Question 9

EBV epitlial carcinomas

mechanism

Answer 9

infects mutated epithelial cells unable to differentiate and express latent genes which drives phenotype

Question 10

Human Papiloma Virus Background

Early and late genes

Answer 10

Cevical cancer
Early genes- 1-7—- E5,6 associated with cancer
Late genes- L2 and L1

Question 11

Infection and diagnosis

Answer 11

infection via intercourse/skin to skin transmission
Pap smear to look at dyscaryotic scells
lesions of carnima to get stage- mild-moderate-sever dysplasia- carcinoma in situ

Question 12

Mechanism

Answer 12

Replicated in epithelial cells
Rb negatively regulates cyclin6- RB binds to E&
E6- cell death inhibitor- destroyes b53 and BAK(proapoptic factor)

Question 13

Treatment

Answer 13

vaccine clears infection, therefore prevents cancer