Immunotheraphy

Question 1

How does tumour cells evade NKC

Answer 1

stress ligands(MicAB) may not over come inhibitory signal (MHC1 self recognition antigen)
stress ligands can be cleaved off- be phagocytosed and cause non specific granzyme release

Question 2

How does tumours evade the innate immune system

Answer 2

VEGF is released from tumours - deactivates APC
no change in epitopeso self tolerance is maintained
Viral-tumours knock out MHC1- CTL cannot recognise tumour cell

Question 3

How is TGFB release used by immune evading tumours

Answer 3

TGFB causes Th cells to become Treg cells, Treg cells secrete IL10 which causes the upregulation of CLTA4 on T cell
(MHC1 and TCR) and B7 bind to CLTA4 preferntially than CD28
looses activation signal by B cell

Question 4

why do tumours express PD-L

Answer 4

PDL- binds PD1(tcell), this clocks signalling of MHC/TCR

Question 5

What immunotheraphies are there

Answer 5

Anti-CLTA4 antibodies- 4yrSR 34%
Anti-PD-1-Ab- better, majority tumour burdens decrease 4yrSR 52%
Both are very good- most 80% tumour reduction, no off target effects 4yrSR 58%