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Engage Fundamental RN (ATI) > ^infection control & isolation > Flashcards

^infection control & isolation Flashcards

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1
Q

Chain of infection

A

is a sequence of factors needed for an infection to occur.

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2
Q

Sequence of chain of infection

A

Infectious Agent : the virus/bacteria/fungi, parasite prion
Reservoir: object, person (where it lives)
Portal of exit: wound drainage, droplet
Mode of transmission: contact, droplet, airborne, vehicle, vector-borne transmission
Portal of exit: mouth nose
Susceptible host: pt with immune disorder

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3
Q

virulent

A

describes how efficient an infectious agent is at making the person ill

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4
Q

droplet transmission

A

when infectious droplet from a client travel through the air and come in contact with mucosa of a host. (sneezing, coughing, singing, talking)

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5
Q

Airborne transmission

A

occurs when a small particles move into the airspace of another person ex TB flu measles

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6
Q

Vehicle transmission

A

transmission of infectious agent to various individual through a common source. EX: contaminated food water

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7
Q

vector borne transmission

A

transmission agents through animals (insects rodents)

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8
Q

droplet transmission example

A

a pt who has respiratory infection sneezes without covering the nose or mouth. a person a few feet away become infected when large mucus particles land in their mouth

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9
Q

Indirect contact transmission example

A

a client cough on their hand touches a door handle. another person touches the same door handle and becomes infected with the same pathogens as the client

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10
Q

airborne transmission example

A

a nurse enters a room where a pts who has respiratory infection was present several hours. the nurse inhales small particles that remain in the air and develops an infection

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11
Q

direct contact transmission example

A

a nurse touches the wound of a client with a infected drainage wound

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12
Q

bodies three specific types of defenses are

A

chemical barriers
nonspecific immunity
specific immunity

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13
Q

largest body organ

A

the skin

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14
Q

the skin performs three major function

A

reduce water loss
protects against abrasion and micro-organisms
-provide a permeable barrier against the environment

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15
Q

non specific immunity

A

is maintained by neutrophils and macrophages (both are WBC) work as phagocytes

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16
Q

Phagocytes

A

eat and destroy micro organisms, thereby helping to protect the body from harm

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17
Q

Specific immunity

A

refers to the work of antibodies (immunoglobulins) and lymphocytes.

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18
Q

Antibodies

A

bind to infectious agent and activate the white blood cells and complement to destroy the infectious agent

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19
Q

Inflammatory response

A

body’s natural defense that is activated when the body is injured, when foreign substance are present or infectious agent attack

20
Q

Basic steps of inflammation are

A
  • recognition of harmful stimuli by pattern receptors
  • activation of inflammatory pathway
  • release of inflammatory marker
  • recruitment of inflammatory cells
21
Q

manifestation of swelling

A 
heat
redness
swelling 
pain
loss of function
22
Q

Inflammatory response in order

A
  • bacteria invade
  • histamine, kinins, prostaglandins arrive at the site (call WBC to site)
  • Plasma from blood enters the site
  • Phagocytosis occurs
  • pus develops
23
Q

protective mechanism symptoms of inflammation

A

erythema
edema
pain
heat

24
Q

Stages of infection

A
  • Incubation: first infected no symptoms
  • Prodromal: initial manifestation (fever , aches)
  • acute illness: infection is severe
  • period of decline: manifestation start to subside
  • period of convalescence: return to balance state of health
25
Q

types of infection

A

local infection: one area of the body

systemic infection: start local –> move into the bloodstream and spreads through body

26
Q

types of infection

A
  • local infection: one area of the body

- systemic infection: start local –> move into the bloodstream and spreads through body

27
Q

hand washing

A

15-30 seconds

28
Q

antimicrobials are used with what?

A

water

29
Q

Antiseptics

A

are solution agents use to cleanse the skin

30
Q

Examples of antiseptics

A 
alcohols
chlorhexidine 
chlorine
hexachlorophene
iodine 
triclosan
31
Q

medical asepsis

A

clean technique

decreases the number of micro organism to spread

32
Q

Surgical asepsis

A

techniques used during surgery. sterility of items.

33
Q

Surgical asepsis

A

techniques used during surgery. sterility of items.

34
Q

Sterilization

A

involves cleaning instruments so that all micro organisms including bacterial spores are eradicated

35
Q

sterile fields

A

are created to assure that the smallest number of micro organisms possible are present

36
Q

to prepare a sterile field:

A

peel back first flap AWAY from body fist

  • side flaps
  • flap closest to the nurse
37
Q

disinfestation

A

cleans instruments so that almost all micro organisms are eradicated but not all

38
Q

standard precaution

A

infection prevention practices applied to all clients

39
Q

contact precaution

A

precautions used when a client has an infectious agent that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact

40
Q

contact precaution

A

precautions used when a client has an infectious agent that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact
-minimum gown and gloves prior to client interactions

41
Q

Infection control bundles

A

guidelines for practice that are bundled together in an effort to preven HAI

42
Q

Examples of HAI

A
  • CAUTI: Catheter associated UTI
  • CLABSI: Central line bloodstream Infection
  • SSI: Surgical- site infection
  • VAP: Ventilator-assisted pneumonias
43
Q

closed glove technique

A

used to don sterile gloves using surgical asepsis after the individual has performed a surgical hand scrub and donned a sterile gown. hands are kept inside the sterile gown until gloves are donned

44
Q

open gloved technique

A

involves donning sterile gloves with hands

45
Q

expected WBC

A

5,000to10,000/mm3

46
Q

five types of WBC

A 
Neutrophilic 
lymphocytes
monocytes
basophils
eosinophils

Engage Fundamental RN (ATI) (13 decks)

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