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Biology (9-1) Gcse higher > Infection And Response > Flashcards

Infection And Response Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by a communicable disease

A

A disease that spreads

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2
Q

List three viral diseases

A

Measles
HIV
TMV
Rubella

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3
Q

List some symptoms of measles

A

Red skin rash

Fever

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4
Q

List symptoms of HIV

A

Flu like symptoms

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5
Q

How is measles treated

A

Vaccination

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6
Q

How is HIV treated

A

Antiretroviral drugs

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7
Q

What effect does rose black spot disease have on plants

A

Causes the leaves to turn yellow and fall off which means less photosynthesis

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8
Q

Is rose black spot disease fungal or viral

A

Fungal

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9
Q

How do you get measles

A

Spread by droplets of an infected person eg sneezing or coughing

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10
Q

How do get HIV

A

Sexual contact or by exchanging bodily fluids

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11
Q

How is gonorrhoea transmitted between individuals

A

Sexually

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12
Q

How can vaccinations limit the spread of a disease

A

More people are immune to it which means there is a less chance of people catching it and spreading it

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13
Q

What is malaria causes by

A

Protist

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14
Q

How does malaria spread

A

Mosquitos pick up the protist and feed on an animal or human and infect them. The protist then gets into the blood vessels

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15
Q

How can malaria be prevented

A

Mosquito nets

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16
Q

What is Salmonella

A

A bacterial disease

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17
Q

How is salmonella spread

A

Eating food that has been contaminated

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18
Q

Symptoms of salmonella

A

Fever
Stomach cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhoea

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19
Q

How does bacteria make us feel unwell

A

They produce toxins

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20
Q

Is gonorrhoea bacterial or viral

A

Bacterial

21
Q

Symptoms of gonorrhoea

A

Painful urination

Thick yellow or green discharge

22
Q

How do you treat gonorrhoea

A

Antibiotics/ penicillin

23
Q

How do you prevent the spread of gonorrhoea

A

Condoms

24
Q

How do you treat rose black spot disease

A

Fungicides and getting rid of infected leaves

25
Q

What does TMV stand for

A

Tobacco mosaic virus

26
Q

What is TMV

A

When plants become discoloured

27
Q

What is the effect of TMV

A

Leaves can’t carry out photosynthesis so it affects growth

28
Q

Name three ways we can prevent disease

A

Washing your hands/ be more hygienic
Destroying vectors eg getting rid of organisms that pass it on or insecticides
Isolating individuals

29
Q

How is the skin adapted to defend against the entry of pathogens

A

Acts as a barrier to prevent them getting in

30
Q

What is the role of the immune system

A

To protect us from disease

31
Q

From what organism was the drug digital is sourced originally

A

Fox gloves

32
Q

What is meant by the efficacy of a drug

A

If he drug works and produces the effect your using it for

33
Q

What is a placebo

A

A fake version of the drug

34
Q

Why are placebos used in drug trials

A

To compare results

35
Q

Give one way fungi cause disease

A

They grow and penetrate human skin

36
Q

How do viruses make us feel unwell

A

They invade host cells they than replicate and eventually the cell bursts the cell damage makes us feel unwell

37
Q

What do the trachea and bronchi have that help the body defend against pathogen

A

They produce mucus to trap pathogens if they are swallowed they go to the stomach and get destroyed by The acid

38
Q

What is the name for the molecules which antibodies lock onto on the surface of a pathogen

A

Antigens

39
Q

What are antitoxins

A

Substances that neutralise toxins

40
Q

What is injected into the body during a vaccination

A

An inactive version of the pathogen

41
Q

Which plant does the painkiller and aspirin originate from

A

Aspirin is from the willow tree

42
Q

What helped our current medicines to develop and how

A

Traditional cures as the chemicals found from the source are developed

43
Q

How does antibiotic resistance rise in a population of bacteria

A

Bacteria has a mutation by natural selection this bacteria survives amongst the other bacteria this bacteria than reproduces making more resistant bacteria

44
Q

Name the scientist that discovered penicillin

A

Alexander Fleming

45
Q

What two things are the drugs tested on in preclinical trials

A

Hunan cells and tissues and live animals (possibly)

46
Q

Explains what happens in a clinical trial

A

Healthy volunteers are separated into two group one receives a placebo and the other receive the real thing this could be blind or double blind. The results are then peer reviewed to prevent false claims

47
Q

What do preclinical trials test for

A

Efficacy
Toxicity
Dosage

48
Q

What are three things white blood cells do to protect us

A

Consume them
Produce antibodies
Antitoxins

Biology (9-1) Gcse higher (5 decks)

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