Infection

Question 1

Animal/human bites prophylaxis options

Answer 1

Co-amoxiclav 1st line

doxy+ metro if penicillin allergy

for up to 5 days

Question 2

Antibiotics of choice in pregnancy

Answer 2

Penicilling

Cephalosporins

Question 3

1st line for community-acquired septicaemia

Answer 3

Tazocin

Cefuroxime

Question 4

Antibiotics associated with C.diff infection (5)

Answer 4

Amoxicillin, Co-amox, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, Cephalosporins

Question 5

C.diff treatment (2)

Answer 5

Metronidazole, Vancomycin

Question 6

COPD exacerbation treatments (3) and duration

Answer 6

Doxycycline/Clarithromycin/Amoxicillin for up to 5 days

Question 7

CAP treatments and duration

Answer 7

Low-severity: Amoxicillin 1st line
Clari, Doxy - alternatives if penicillin allergy
for 7 days

Medium-severity: Amoxycycline + Clari OR Doxycycline alone (if pen allergy) for 7 days

High-severity: Benxylpenicillin + Doxy/Clari 7-10 days

Question 8

HAP treatments and duration

Answer 8

5< days from admission: Co-amoxiclav or Cefuroxime for 7 days

> 5 days from admission: Tazocin for 7 days

Question 9

Aminoglycosides examples

Answer 9

Gentamicin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin

Question 10

Describe TDM for Gentamicin

Answer 10

For multiple daily dosing regimen - take lvl after 3rd or 4th dose

Take both peak and trough lvls

Nomogram read by body weight and renal function

Question 11

Main side-effects of Gentamicin & other aminoglycosides (3)

Answer 11

Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular toxicity

Question 12

Main side-effect of Carbapenems to look out for

Answer 12

Increased risk of seizures

Question 13

Unique side-effect of Ceftriaxone

Answer 13

Calcium precipitates in gall bladder - discontinue if symptomatic

Question 14

Glycopeptides examples

Answer 14

Teicoplanin, Vancomycin

Question 15

Glycopeptides main SEs (3)

Answer 15

Red man syndrome, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

Question 16

Which glycopeptide is less nephrotoxic?

Answer 16

Teicoplanin

Question 17

What can happen if you give IV Vancomycin too rapidly?

Answer 17

Cardiac arrest

Question 18

Describe TDM for Vancomycin and target lvls

Answer 18

Taken on day 2, just before 2nd dose (trough lvl).

Target 10-20 mg/L

Question 19

Lincolsamide example

Answer 19

Clindamycin

Question 20

When would you discontinue Clindamycin immediately

Answer 20

Bloody or prolonged severe diarrhoea

Question 21

Macrolides examples

Answer 21

Clarythromycin, Erythromycin, Azithromycin

Question 22

Main SEs of Macrolides to look out for

Answer 22

QT prolongation, electrolyte disturbances

Question 23

Usual Clarithromycin dose

Answer 23

500mg BD

Question 24

Usual Metronidazole dose

Answer 24

400mg TDS

Question 25

Warning and cautionary labels for Metronidazole

Answer 25

Avoid alcohol, take with food, take with full glass of water

Question 26

Is diarrhoea common for penicillins?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

Which electrolyte can be deranged with Tazocin and Benzylpenicllin use?

Answer 27

Sodium - hypernatremia can occur

Question 28

Admin direction for PenV

Answer 28

Take on empty stomach

Question 29

Why Co-amoxiclav and Flucloxacillin treatments should not exceed 2 weeks?

Answer 29

Risk of cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis

Question 30

How should Flucloxacillin be taken?

Answer 30

On empty stomach

Question 31

SEs of quinolones to look out for (2)

Answer 31

QT prolongation, psychiatric disorders

Question 32

Warning label for Ciprofloxacin

Answer 32

Do not take milk, indigestion remedies, zinc or iron 2hrs before/after

Question 33

Example of Quinolones

Answer 33

Ciprofloxacin

Question 34

Sulfonamide example

Answer 34

Co-trimoxazole

Question 35

Main serious SEs of Co-trimoxazole (2)

Answer 35

Rash (SJS) | Blood disorders

Question 36

Warning labels for tetracyclines (2)

Answer 36

Protect skin from light Do not take indigestion remedies, zinc or iron 2hrs before/after

Question 37

Usual doxycycline dose

Answer 37

100mg OD/BD

Question 38

Which antibiotic is associated with grey baby syndrome

Answer 38

IV chloramphenicol

Question 39

When should Trimethoprim be avoided?

Answer 39

Pregnancy - especially 1st trimester

Question 40

Usual doses of Trimethoprim

Answer 40

100mg OD - prophylaxis 200mg BD - treatment

Question 41

TB treatment choices

Answer 41

First 2 months: Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide Another 4 months: (usually) Rifampicin + Isoniazid

Question 42

Which TB medicine is preferable in liver toxicity

Answer 42

Ethambutol

Question 43

What can Isoniazid cause and what is the treatment/prevention

Answer 43

Peripheral neuropathy | Pyridoxine can be given

Question 44

Major SEs of TB treatment (5)

Answer 44

Flu-like symptoms, GI disturbances, renal impairment, thrombocytopenic purpura, respiratory symptoms

Question 45

Special SE of Ethambutol

Answer 45

Ocular toxicity

Question 46

Antibiotics for UTI in pregnancy

Answer 46

Penicillins/Ce[halosporins | Nitrofurantoin can be given, but NOT in 3rd trimester

Question 47

Which UTI treatments should be avoided in renal impairment

Answer 47

Nitrofurantoin, tetracyclines

Question 48

Usual Nitrofurantoin dose

Answer 48

100mg BD

Question 49

Fluconazole main SEs (3)

Answer 49

Liver toxicity, QT prolongation, rash

Question 50

What can rapid infusion of Amphotericin B cause?

Answer 50

Arrhythmias

Question 51

Which antimalarials are suitable in epilepsy?

Answer 51

Doxycycline, proguanil with atovaquone

Question 52

Which antimalarials should be avoided in epilepsy?

Answer 52

Quinolones

Question 53

Which antimalarials should be avoided in pregnancy?

Answer 53

Tetracyclines, proguanil with atovaquone

Question 54

Special SE of Chloroquine

Answer 54

Ocular toxicity

Question 55

Special SE of Mefloquine

Answer 55

Psychiatric reactions

Question 56

Symptoms of Quinines overdose?

Answer 56

Convulsions and arrhythmias

Question 57

Examples of direct-acting antivirals (Hep C treatments)

Answer 57

Elbasvir, Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir

Question 58

Main SE of aciclovir

Answer 58

Photosensitivity

Question 59

HIV treatment

Answer 59

2 Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors + 1 from another class eg Emtricitabine + Tenofovir (NRTIs) + Ritonavir/Darunavir (PIs)

Question 60

What can happen with prolonged exposure to HAART and/or advanced HIV?

Answer 60

Osteonecrosis

Question 61

Usual dose of Oseltamivir

Answer 61

75mg OD for 10 days