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Pharmacy Pre-reg exam 2020-2021 > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Animal/human bites prophylaxis options

A

Co-amoxiclav 1st line

doxy+ metro if penicillin allergy

for up to 5 days

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2
Q

Antibiotics of choice in pregnancy

A

Penicilling

Cephalosporins

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3
Q

1st line for community-acquired septicaemia

A

Tazocin

Cefuroxime

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4
Q

Antibiotics associated with C.diff infection (5)

A

Amoxicillin, Co-amox, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, Cephalosporins

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5
Q

C.diff treatment (2)

A

Metronidazole, Vancomycin

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6
Q

COPD exacerbation treatments (3) and duration

A

Doxycycline/Clarithromycin/Amoxicillin for up to 5 days

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7
Q

CAP treatments and duration

A

Low-severity: Amoxicillin 1st line
Clari, Doxy - alternatives if penicillin allergy
for 7 days

Medium-severity: Amoxycycline + Clari OR Doxycycline alone (if pen allergy) for 7 days

High-severity: Benxylpenicillin + Doxy/Clari 7-10 days

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8
Q

HAP treatments and duration

A

5< days from admission: Co-amoxiclav or Cefuroxime for 7 days

> 5 days from admission: Tazocin for 7 days

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9
Q

Aminoglycosides examples

A

Gentamicin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin

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10
Q

Describe TDM for Gentamicin

A

For multiple daily dosing regimen - take lvl after 3rd or 4th dose

Take both peak and trough lvls

Nomogram read by body weight and renal function

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11
Q

Main side-effects of Gentamicin & other aminoglycosides (3)

A

Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular toxicity

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12
Q

Main side-effect of Carbapenems to look out for

A

Increased risk of seizures

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13
Q

Unique side-effect of Ceftriaxone

A

Calcium precipitates in gall bladder - discontinue if symptomatic

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14
Q

Glycopeptides examples

A

Teicoplanin, Vancomycin

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15
Q

Glycopeptides main SEs (3)

A

Red man syndrome, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

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16
Q

Which glycopeptide is less nephrotoxic?

A

Teicoplanin

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17
Q

What can happen if you give IV Vancomycin too rapidly?

A

Cardiac arrest

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18
Q

Describe TDM for Vancomycin and target lvls

A

Taken on day 2, just before 2nd dose (trough lvl).

Target 10-20 mg/L

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19
Q

Lincolsamide example

A

Clindamycin

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20
Q

When would you discontinue Clindamycin immediately

A

Bloody or prolonged severe diarrhoea

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21
Q

Macrolides examples

A

Clarythromycin, Erythromycin, Azithromycin

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22
Q

Main SEs of Macrolides to look out for

A

QT prolongation, electrolyte disturbances

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23
Q

Usual Clarithromycin dose

A

500mg BD

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24
Q

Usual Metronidazole dose

A

400mg TDS

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25
Q

Warning and cautionary labels for Metronidazole

A

Avoid alcohol, take with food, take with full glass of water

26
Q

Is diarrhoea common for penicillins?

A

Yes

27
Q

Which electrolyte can be deranged with Tazocin and Benzylpenicllin use?

A

Sodium - hypernatremia can occur

28
Q

Admin direction for PenV

A

Take on empty stomach

29
Q

Why Co-amoxiclav and Flucloxacillin treatments should not exceed 2 weeks?

A

Risk of cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis

30
Q

How should Flucloxacillin be taken?

A

On empty stomach

31
Q

SEs of quinolones to look out for (2)

A

QT prolongation, psychiatric disorders

32
Q

Warning label for Ciprofloxacin

A

Do not take milk, indigestion remedies, zinc or iron 2hrs before/after

33
Q

Example of Quinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin

34
Q

Sulfonamide example

A

Co-trimoxazole

35
Q

Main serious SEs of Co-trimoxazole (2)

A

Rash (SJS)

Blood disorders

36
Q

Warning labels for tetracyclines (2)

A

Protect skin from light

Do not take indigestion remedies, zinc or iron 2hrs before/after

37
Q

Usual doxycycline dose

A

100mg OD/BD

38
Q

Which antibiotic is associated with grey baby syndrome

A

IV chloramphenicol

39
Q

When should Trimethoprim be avoided?

A

Pregnancy - especially 1st trimester

40
Q

Usual doses of Trimethoprim

A

100mg OD - prophylaxis

200mg BD - treatment

41
Q

TB treatment choices

A

First 2 months: Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide

Another 4 months: (usually) Rifampicin + Isoniazid

42
Q

Which TB medicine is preferable in liver toxicity

A

Ethambutol

43
Q

What can Isoniazid cause and what is the treatment/prevention

A

Peripheral neuropathy

Pyridoxine can be given

44
Q

Major SEs of TB treatment (5)

A

Flu-like symptoms, GI disturbances, renal impairment, thrombocytopenic purpura, respiratory symptoms

45
Q

Special SE of Ethambutol

A

Ocular toxicity

46
Q

Antibiotics for UTI in pregnancy

A

Penicillins/Ce[halosporins

Nitrofurantoin can be given, but NOT in 3rd trimester

47
Q

Which UTI treatments should be avoided in renal impairment

A

Nitrofurantoin, tetracyclines

48
Q

Usual Nitrofurantoin dose

A

100mg BD

49
Q

Fluconazole main SEs (3)

A

Liver toxicity, QT prolongation, rash

50
Q

What can rapid infusion of Amphotericin B cause?

A

Arrhythmias

51
Q

Which antimalarials are suitable in epilepsy?

A

Doxycycline, proguanil with atovaquone

52
Q

Which antimalarials should be avoided in epilepsy?

A

Quinolones

53
Q

Which antimalarials should be avoided in pregnancy?

A

Tetracyclines, proguanil with atovaquone

54
Q

Special SE of Chloroquine

A

Ocular toxicity

55
Q

Special SE of Mefloquine

A

Psychiatric reactions

56
Q

Symptoms of Quinines overdose?

A

Convulsions and arrhythmias

57
Q

Examples of direct-acting antivirals (Hep C treatments)

A

Elbasvir, Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir

58
Q

Main SE of aciclovir

A

Photosensitivity

59
Q

HIV treatment

A

2 Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors + 1 from another class

eg Emtricitabine + Tenofovir (NRTIs) + Ritonavir/Darunavir (PIs)

60
Q

What can happen with prolonged exposure to HAART and/or advanced HIV?

A

Osteonecrosis

61
Q

Usual dose of Oseltamivir

A

75mg OD for 10 days

Pharmacy Pre-reg exam 2020-2021 (20 decks)

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