Infection Flashcards
Function of Fimbriae in prokaryotes?
Allows them to stick to other substrates in colony
Function of sex pili in prokaryotes?
Allows prokaryotes to exchange DNA
What is the unique polymer in the cell wall in bacteria?
Peptidoglycan
What color does gram positive stain? Gram negative?
Positive is purple. Negative is pink.
What form can virus’ come as in DNA and RNA?
Double or single stranded DNA and double or single stranded RNA
What encloses a vial genome and what is it made of?
Capsid. Made of capsomeres
What is a virus that infects bacteria?
Bacteriophage
What are the two reproductive cycles of Bacteriophages?
Lytic and Lysogenic
How does a retrovirus infect an animal cell?
Uses reverse transcriptase to copy RNA genome into viral DNA
What is a provirus?
Viral DNA integrated into host DNA
What are the two surface antigens on the influenza virus?
Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)
What are viroids?
Single stranded RNA virus that mostly infects plants.
What are prions?
Slow acting, indestructible proteins that cause brain disease
What is the role of microbiota?
Protect surfaces from colonization
What are the principles of pathogenesis?
Invade, Evade immediate defenses, multiply, evade long term defenses, leave body
What is the definition of bioremediation
Microbes breaking down dangerous chemicals
What is the definition of Endemic?
The constant presence or prevalence of a disease in an area or population
What is the definition of pandemic?
An epidemic spreading across continents
What does zoonosis mean?
An infection that can be transmitted from animals to humans
