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Dermatology > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

<p>What virus causes shingles and chicken pox? </p>

A

<p>Varicella Zoster virus </p>

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2
Q

<p>When do people usually get chicken pox? </p>

A

<p>Primary infection typically in childhood</p>

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3
Q

<p>When do people usually get shingles? </p>

A

<p>Typically an older age, is a reactivation of virus </p>

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4
Q

<p>How does chickenpox present? </p>

A

<p>Generalised rash (inflammation)
Fever
Itch</p>

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5
Q

<p>What are the steps of recovery in terms of the rash in chickenpox? </p>

A

<p>Macules --> Papules --> Vesciles --> Scabs --> Recovery</p>

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6
Q

<p>What are the complications of chicken pox? </p>

A 
<p>Secondary bacterial infection 
Pneumonitis 
Haemorrhagic
Scarring, absent or minor 
Encephalitis </p>
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7
Q

<p>What is neonatal VZV? </p>

A

<p>Secondary chickenpox in mother in late pregnancy, high mortality rate</p>

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8
Q

<p>How is neonatal VZV prevented? </p>

A

<p>Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin in susceptible women in contact </p>

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9
Q

<p>What is the distribution of shingles on the skin? </p>

A

<p>Dermatomal </p>

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10
Q

<p>Who gets shingles ? </p>

A

<p>Eldely and immunocomprimised </p>

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11
Q

<p>What nerve is commonly affected in shingles? </p>

A

<p>Trigeminal </p>

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12
Q

<p>What pain is associated with shingles? </p>

A

<p>Neuralgia </p>

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13
Q

<p>What is Opthalmic Zoster? </p>

A

<p>Shingles associated with the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Urgent opthalmic referral indicated </p>

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14
Q

<p>In this image of shingles, which nerve is being affected?</p>

A

<p>Opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve</p>

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15
Q

<p>In this image of shingles, which nerve is being affected?</p>

A

<p>Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve</p>

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16
Q

<p>In this image of shingles, which nerve is being affected?</p>

A

<p>Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve</p>

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17
Q

When does opthalmic zoster occur in children?

A

Chickenpox in utero

Immunosuppressed

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18
Q

What is Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?

A

Herpes Zoster infection of the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve. Results in muscle paralysis on the same side of the face with the infection

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19
Q

Where do you get pain in Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?

A

Auditory canal and throat

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20
Q

In Ramsay Hunt syndrome, what symptoms do you get if there is irritation of the 8th cranial nerve?

A

Deafness
Vertigo
Tinnitus

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21
Q

Who routinely gets vaccinated against shingles in the UK?

A

> 70s

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22
Q

What is a somewhat common complication of shingles?

A

Herpatic Neuralgia

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23
Q

How is herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus treated?

A

Aciclovir (does not eliminate latent virus)

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24
Q

How to get lab confirmation of VZV or HSV infection?

A

Viral swab of viral skin / mucous membrane
OR
Antibody tests where swabs not obtainable

25
Q

What is Erythema Multiforme?

A

a hypersensitivity reaction usually triggered by infections

26
Q

What rash is typical is Erythema Multiforme?

A

Target lesion

27
Q

What infections cause Erythema Multiforme

A

HSV (most commonly)

Myciplasma pneumoniae bacterium

28
Q

What disease presents with Fleshy, firm, umbilicated, pearlescent nodules?

A

Mollscum Contagiosum

29
Q

Who is affected by Mollscum Contagiosum?

A

Children (but can be sexually transmitted)

30
Q

How to treat Mollscum Contagiousm?

A

Application of liquid nitrogen –> takes months to disappear

31
Q

What virus causes warts?

A

Human Papilloma Virus

32
Q

What are warts on feet called?

A

Veruccas

33
Q

What subtype of HPV causes warts?

A

type 1 to 4

34
Q

What subtype of HPV causes genital warts?

A

type 6 and 11

35
Q

What subtype of HPV causes cervical cancer?

A

types 16 and 18

36
Q

What is hyperangia?

A

Blistering rash of back of mouth

37
Q

What infection causes Hyperangia?

A

Coxsackie virus

Echovirus

38
Q

How to diagnose Hyperangia?

A

Swab of lesion

PCR of stool for enterovirus

39
Q

What infection causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

Enteroviruses (esp Coxsackie)

40
Q

What infection causes slapped cheek syndrome?

A

Paravirus B19

41
Q

What are some symptoms of slapped cheek syndrome?

A

Red rash of face

Acute arthritis, esp in wrists as rash fades

42
Q

What are some complications of Paravirus B19?

A

Spontaneous abortion
Aplastic crisis
Chronic anaemia

43
Q

How do you diagnose Paravirus B19?

A

Paravirus B19 IgM test

44
Q

What disease is deemed as a virus of sheep?

A

Orf disease

45
Q

Symptoms of Orf disease?

A

Firm, fleshy nodule on hands

typically affects farmers

46
Q

What is the sign of primary phase Syphilis?

A

Chancre, a painless ulcer on the site of entry of infection

47
Q

What are the signs of secondary phase of syphilis?

A

Rash all over body (mainly sole of feet and palms of hands)

Mucous membane “snail track” ulcers

48
Q

What are the signs of tertiary phase of syphilis?

A

gummatous syphilis
late neurosyphilis
and cardiovascular syphilis

49
Q

What infection cause Syphilis?

A

Bacterium Treponema Pallidum

50
Q

How do you diagnose syphilis?

A

Blood test

Swab on chancre then PCR

51
Q

Treatment of syphilis?

A

Penecillin injections

52
Q

How vector causes Lyme Disease?

A

Tic

53
Q

What infection causes Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia Burgdorferi

54
Q

What is the early presentation of Lyme disease?

A

Erythema Migrans

55
Q

What is the late presentation of Lyme disease?

A

Heart block
Nerve palsy
Arthritis

56
Q

How to treat Lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline or Amoxicillin

57
Q

How to confirm diagnosis of Lyme disease?

A

Blood test

58
Q

What months of the year are tics most active?

A

May to September

59
Q

How long does a tic need to be attached to cause infection?

A

24 hours

Dermatology (10 decks)

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