Infection Flashcards
<p>What virus causes shingles and chicken pox? </p>
<p>Varicella Zoster virus </p>
<p>When do people usually get chicken pox? </p>
<p>Primary infection typically in childhood</p>
<p>When do people usually get shingles? </p>
<p>Typically an older age, is a reactivation of virus </p>
<p>How does chickenpox present? </p>
<p>Generalised rash (inflammation)
Fever
Itch</p>
<p>What are the steps of recovery in terms of the rash in chickenpox? </p>
<p>Macules --> Papules --> Vesciles --> Scabs --> Recovery</p>
<p>What are the complications of chicken pox? </p>
<p>Secondary bacterial infection Pneumonitis Haemorrhagic Scarring, absent or minor Encephalitis </p>
<p>What is neonatal VZV? </p>
<p>Secondary chickenpox in mother in late pregnancy, high mortality rate</p>
<p>How is neonatal VZV prevented? </p>
<p>Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin in susceptible women in contact </p>
<p>What is the distribution of shingles on the skin? </p>
<p>Dermatomal </p>
<p>Who gets shingles ? </p>
<p>Eldely and immunocomprimised </p>
<p>What nerve is commonly affected in shingles? </p>
<p>Trigeminal </p>
<p>What pain is associated with shingles? </p>
<p>Neuralgia </p>
<p>What is Opthalmic Zoster? </p>
<p>Shingles associated with the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Urgent opthalmic referral indicated </p>
<p>In this image of shingles, which nerve is being affected?</p>
<p>Opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve</p>
<p>In this image of shingles, which nerve is being affected?</p>
<p>Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve</p>
<p>In this image of shingles, which nerve is being affected?</p>
<p>Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve</p>
When does opthalmic zoster occur in children?
Chickenpox in utero
Immunosuppressed
What is Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?
Herpes Zoster infection of the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve. Results in muscle paralysis on the same side of the face with the infection
Where do you get pain in Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?
Auditory canal and throat
In Ramsay Hunt syndrome, what symptoms do you get if there is irritation of the 8th cranial nerve?
Deafness
Vertigo
Tinnitus
Who routinely gets vaccinated against shingles in the UK?
> 70s
What is a somewhat common complication of shingles?
Herpatic Neuralgia
How is herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus treated?
Aciclovir (does not eliminate latent virus)
How to get lab confirmation of VZV or HSV infection?
Viral swab of viral skin / mucous membrane
OR
Antibody tests where swabs not obtainable
What is Erythema Multiforme?
a hypersensitivity reaction usually triggered by infections
What rash is typical is Erythema Multiforme?
Target lesion
What infections cause Erythema Multiforme
HSV (most commonly)
Myciplasma pneumoniae bacterium
What disease presents with Fleshy, firm, umbilicated, pearlescent nodules?
Mollscum Contagiosum
Who is affected by Mollscum Contagiosum?
Children (but can be sexually transmitted)
How to treat Mollscum Contagiousm?
Application of liquid nitrogen –> takes months to disappear
What virus causes warts?
Human Papilloma Virus
What are warts on feet called?
Veruccas
What subtype of HPV causes warts?
type 1 to 4
What subtype of HPV causes genital warts?
type 6 and 11
What subtype of HPV causes cervical cancer?
types 16 and 18
What is hyperangia?
Blistering rash of back of mouth
What infection causes Hyperangia?
Coxsackie virus
Echovirus
How to diagnose Hyperangia?
Swab of lesion
PCR of stool for enterovirus
What infection causes hand, foot and mouth disease?
Enteroviruses (esp Coxsackie)
What infection causes slapped cheek syndrome?
Paravirus B19
What are some symptoms of slapped cheek syndrome?
Red rash of face
Acute arthritis, esp in wrists as rash fades
What are some complications of Paravirus B19?
Spontaneous abortion
Aplastic crisis
Chronic anaemia
How do you diagnose Paravirus B19?
Paravirus B19 IgM test
What disease is deemed as a virus of sheep?
Orf disease
Symptoms of Orf disease?
Firm, fleshy nodule on hands
typically affects farmers
What is the sign of primary phase Syphilis?
Chancre, a painless ulcer on the site of entry of infection
What are the signs of secondary phase of syphilis?
Rash all over body (mainly sole of feet and palms of hands)
Mucous membane “snail track” ulcers
What are the signs of tertiary phase of syphilis?
gummatous syphilis
late neurosyphilis
and cardiovascular syphilis
What infection cause Syphilis?
Bacterium Treponema Pallidum
How do you diagnose syphilis?
Blood test
Swab on chancre then PCR
Treatment of syphilis?
Penecillin injections
How vector causes Lyme Disease?
Tic
What infection causes Lyme disease?
Borrelia Burgdorferi
What is the early presentation of Lyme disease?
Erythema Migrans
What is the late presentation of Lyme disease?
Heart block
Nerve palsy
Arthritis
How to treat Lyme disease?
Doxycycline or Amoxicillin
How to confirm diagnosis of Lyme disease?
Blood test
What months of the year are tics most active?
May to September
How long does a tic need to be attached to cause infection?
24 hours
