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Dermatology > Dermatitis & Eczema > Flashcards

Dermatitis & Eczema Flashcards

1
Q

What is Parakeratosis?

A

Skin cells turnover quickly, nuclei not removed from keratin layer

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2
Q

What is Acanthosis?

A

Increased thickness of the epidermis

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3
Q

What is Hyperkeratosis?

A

Increased thickness of keratin layer

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4
Q

What is Papillomatosis?

A

Irregular epithelial thickening

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5
Q

What is Spongiosis?

A

Intracellular oedema between keratinocytes. Water that has leaked out of the cells

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6
Q

What is the classic rash presentation for eczema?

A

Itchy, ill-defined, eythemtous and scaly

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7
Q

What is the most common type of dermatitis?

A

Contact allergic dermatitis

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8
Q

What immunological cell causes the reaction of contact allergic dermatitis?

A

Langerhans cells

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9
Q

What is the difference between contact allergic dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis?

and what test should you do to differentiate?

A

Allergic is hypersensitivity 1 => IgE mediated
Irritant is a non-specific physical irritation

Skin allergen test

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10
Q

What is Naptkin Dermatitis

A

Nappy rash - an allergic reaction to urine and faeces
NOTE
that is spares the flexures

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11
Q

What other atopic disease is associated with eczema?

A

asthma
allergic rhinitis
food allergy
hayfever

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12
Q

Where are common places to be affected by eczema?

A

Flexures –> knee, elbow, wrists
Eyes
Neck
Genital area

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13
Q

What are the chronic changes of eczema?

A

Lichenification
Excoriation
Secondary infection

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14
Q

What does crusting of eczema indicate?

A

Secondary infection –> s. aureus

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15
Q

What virus causes Eczema Herpeticum?

A

Herpes simplex virus

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16
Q

What infection gives the signature monomorphic punched out lesions?

A

Eczema Herpeticum

17
Q

What is the criteria in the UK for diagnosing atopic eczema?

A

Itching plus 3 or more:
visible flexure rash
history of flexure rash
personal history of atopy (or first degree relative if

18
Q

What are the treatments for atopic eczema?

A 
Emollients 
Avoid irritants including showers gels and soaps 
Topical steroids 
Treat infection 
Phototherapy - mainly UVB
Systemic immunosuppressants 
(Biological agents)
19
Q

What is the most important gene to consider in atopic eczema?

A

Filaggrin

20
Q

What is discoid eczema?

A

Eczema in the form of a disc shaped rash

21
Q

What is photosensitive eczema?

A

Also known as CHRONIC ACTINIC DERMATITIS
Sun cause eczema rash
Will have sharp cut off where clothing covers the skin

22
Q

A patient comes in the suspected photosensitive eczema, but their rash does not have a cut off point despite being covered in clothing, what could the other diagnosis be?

A

Photosensitivity secondary to photosensitising drugs

23
Q

What causes stasis eczema?

A

Occurring due to physical trauma of increased hydrostatic eczema

24
Q

How is stasis eczema treated?

A

Bandaging or surgical intervention. Need to treat underlying cause

25
Q

What is stasis eczema secondary to?

A

Hydrostatic pressure
Oedema
Red cell extravasation

26
Q

What is Seborrhaoeic Dermatitis and who does it occur in?

A

Cradle cap and it occurs in young children and infants due to excessive production of sebum

27
Q

Treatment for Sebrrhaoeic Dermatitis?

A

Will clear on it own. Wash babies head, massage in oils etc.

28
Q

What is Pompholyx eczema?

A

Pompholyx is a type of eczema that causes tiny blisters to develop across the fingers, palms of the hands and sometimes the soles of the feet. It’s also known as dyshidrotic eczema.
Any acute eczema can cause ponphlolyx

29
Q

Where does lichen planus commonly present?

A

arms, legs and trunk
mouth (oral lichen planus)
nails and scalp
vulva, vagina and penis

30
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

Dermo-epidermal junction

31
Q

What is the dermis composed of?

A

type I and type II collagen and formed by elastic fibres –> basically connective tissue

32
Q

What are the 4 reaction patterns in the classification of inflammatory skin disease?

A

i) Spongiotic -intraepidermal oedema
ii) Psoriasiform-elongation of the rete edges
iii) Lichenoid-basal layer damage
iv) Vesiculobullous-blistering

33
Q

Example of Spongiotic -intraepidermal oedema?

A

Eczema

34
Q

Example of Psoriasiform-elongation of the rete edges?

A

Psoriasis

35
Q

Example of Lichenoid-basal layer damage?

A

Lichen planus

Lupus Erythematosus

36
Q

Example of Vesiculobullous-blistering ?

A

Pemphigoid
Pemphigus
Dermatitis Herpetiformis

37
Q

In what two pathologies of the skin would you see Neutrophils in the corneal layer?

A

Fungal infections

Psoriasis

Dermatology (10 decks)

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