Infectiology Flashcards
In cats Bartonella infections are transmitted by
* Fleas
* Direct contact (fights…)
* Ticks
* Flies
Fleas
Which species account for the majority of Bartonella spp. isolated from domestic cats?
* B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae
* B. henselae and B. bovis
* B. clarridgeiae and B. koehlerae
* B. clarridgeiae and B. vinsonii
B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae
The main cause of cat scratch disease in humans is :
* B. henselae
* B. vinsonii
* B. clarridgeiae
* B. quintana
B. henselae
Which species account for the majority of Bartonella spp. isolated from domestic dogs?
* B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae
* B. henselae and B. vinsonii
* B. clarridgeiae and B. koehlerae
* B. clarridgeiae and B. bovis
B. henselae and B. vinsonii
Bartonella infection does not typically imply one of those steps :
* Neutrophils invasion
* Dermal dendritic cells colonisation
* Erythrocytes invasion
* Endothelial cells invasion
Neutrophils invasion
1) Replication in flea gut
2) Inoculation of Bartonella-contaminated insect feces by scratching
3) Colonisation of dermal cells such as dendritic cells
4) Invasion of endothelial cells and erythrocytes
Bartonella spp. can be seen during histopathological examination with :
* Silver stains
* PAS stain
* Ziehl-neelsen stain
* Alcian blue stain
Silver stains
Which Helicobacter species has not been identified in dogs ?
* H. pylori
* H. canicola
* H. salomonis
* H. felis
H. pylori
In cats, Helicobacter spp. infection has not been associated with:
* gastric lymphoma
* gastroduodenal ulcers
* lymphoplasmocytic gastritis
* atrophic gastritis
gastroduodenal ulcers
Which assay has the lowest sensitivity for Helicobacter infection in dogs and cats ?
* Urea breath and blood testing
* Rapid urea testing
* Fluorescence in situ hybridization
* Serology
Serology
Plague is not present in:
* Australia
* Asia
* Africa
* the Americas
Australia
Which antibiotic is effective against plague ?
* Doxycyclin
* Metronidazole
* Amoxicillin
* Azithromycin
Doxycyclin
Gentamicin and enrofloxacin are also effective. A 10 day treatment is recommended.
Tyzzer’s disease is caused by
* Clostridium perfringens
* Clostridium piliforme
* Clostridium difficile
* Clostridium sporogenes
Clostridium piliforme
Characterised by necrotizing enterocolitis, hepatitis, myocarditis. Characteristic “pick-up sticks” appearance of the bacillus at histopathology.
In a context of possible cryptococcosis, a LATEX agglutination titer of 1:100:
* is diagnostic of cryptococcosis
* should be confirmed with another test such as cytological examination
* cannot be compatible with cryptococcis
* is likely a false positive
should be confirmed with another test such as cytological examination
Antigen titers are frequently extremely high, however even a titer 1:2 can indicate cryptococcosis, but low titers can also represent subclinical colonization.
When speaking of cryptococcosis, compared to cats, dogs:
* Are more prone to LATEX agglutination test false negative results
* Experience more frequently upper respiratory tract clinical signs
* Experience more frequently cutaneous lesions
* Less frequently develop systemic disease
Are more prone to LATEX agglutination test false negative results
About cryptococcosis treatment in dogs and cats:
* resistance to antifungal treatment is common
* in many animals, a 3 months treatment is sufficient
* fluconazole and amphotericin B are the initial drugs of choice
* flucytosine should be instituted in any case of CNS involvement
fluconazole and amphotericin B are the initial drugs of choice
flucytosine is responsible of toxic epidermal necrolysis in dogs and should not be used in that species (but is interesting in cats with CNS involvement because it effectively penetrates the BBB and acts synergistically with amphotericin B AMB). Resistance to antifungal treatment are uncommon. In many animals, treatment should be pursued for years or the life of the animal.
