Infants

Question 1

Neonates are age __ - ___

Answer 1

Birth-1 month

Question 2

Infancy is age __ -___

Answer 2

1 mo- 1 yr

Question 3

Rapid ___ growth and ___ dev. occurs during the 1st year

Answer 3

Rapid BODY growth and BRAIN dev. during the 1st year

Question 4

by the end of infancy length has increased by ___%

Answer 4

55%

Question 5

There is a ____ increase in length during the first 4 months of age

Answer 5

~1.25

Question 6

There is an increase in length just under a ___/month from 4-6 months

Answer 6

inch

Question 7

There is a ___/month increase in length from 7-12 months

Answer 7

~.5 in/mo

Question 8

By the end of infancy weight has increased by ___%

Answer 8

↑200%

Question 9

___-___% wt loss in 1st wk of life, should regain to birth wt by __-__days of age

Answer 9

5-10% 10-14 days

Question 10

what is the cause of the drop in weight after birth (2 reasons)

Answer 10

loss of excess water present at birth lack of calories and volume in colostrum

Question 11

Wt loss ___ or have not gained wt back in _ wks = abnormal

Answer 11

>10% 2 weeks

Question 12

Rate of wt gain is most rapid in the first ___ ms of life and progressively ↓

Answer 12

3 months

Question 13

From Birth to 4 mo there is a ____ lb↑/mo (weight) OR Gain of __ oz/day in first 3 months

Answer 13

~ 1.75 1 oz

Question 14

From 5-8 months there is a __ lb/mo (weight) OR __oz/day for age 3-6 months

Answer 14

~1 lb

.75 oz/day

Question 15

By 6 mo old the infant is ___x their brith wt, and __x birth weight (50% ↑) by 1 y/o

Answer 15

2x birth wt (100% ↑) 3x birth weight (50% ↑)

Question 16

From 9-12 months there is an increase in weight ~ .___ lb/mo

Answer 16

.5

Question 17

By the end of infancy Head Circumference ↑ by __% and Brain wt doubles

Answer 17

40% doubles

Question 18

Head circumference ↑ by __% in the 1st yr of life

Answer 18

30%

Question 19

↑ in head circumference ~__ cm/mo in the 1st 3 mo of life, then ~ 0.5 cm

Answer 19

2cm/mo

Question 20

_____ is a Triangular shape, located between occipital and 2 parietal bones

Answer 20

Posterior fontanel

Question 21

Posterior fontanel closes by __- __ of age

Answer 21

6-8 WEEKS of age

Question 22

_____ is a Diamond shape at the junction of the sagittal, coronal, and frontal sutures Between the 2 frontal and 2 parietal bones 3-4 cm in length and 2-3 cm in width

Answer 22

Anterior fontanel

Question 23

Anterior fontanel closes by __ -___ of age

Answer 23

12-18 MONTHS of age

Question 24

By the end of infancy a child is

__x body wt

↑ length by __%

Significant ↑ in ___ size and ____

Answer 24

3

50%

brain size & complexity

Question 25

Dentition: Eruption of teeth starts by \_\_-\_\_ months old→ these are the “deciduous teeth”

Answer 25

5-6

Question 26

Transitioning diet occurs at \_\_-\_\_ months of age

Answer 26

9-12

Question 27

Putting cereal in formula will help a child \_\_\_\_

Answer 27

sleep

Question 28

\_\_\_ is a Sensitive indicator of nutritional adequacy

Answer 28

Growth

Question 29

To meet growth demands, infants require a high intake of ___ and adequate amounts of \_\_\_, \_\_\_, ___ and \_\_\_\_

Answer 29

calories fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals

Question 30

Infant brain growth is dependent on sufficient ___ intake and must constitute at least \_\_% of caloric intake to meet growth and development demands

Answer 30

fat 30%

Question 31

AAP suggests exclusive ____ in first 6 mo of life

Answer 31

breastfeeding

Question 32

\_\_\_ is the sole source of nutrition for first 6 mo of life

Answer 32

milk

Question 33

\_\_\_\_ is appropriate substitute or supplement to breastfeeding

Answer 33

Iron-fortified infant milk

Question 34

Many nutrients are (↑/↓) in formula than breast milk b/c formula (is/is not) absorbed as well as breast milk

Answer 34

Many nutrients are ↑ in formula than breast milk b/c formula is not absorbed as well as breast milk

Question 35

\_\_\_ should NOT be given in first two mo of life (kidneys are not fully developed)

Answer 35

Free water

Question 36

Exclusively breastfed infants should receive what supplements. (3 things)

Answer 36

Vitamin D supplements (400 IU/day) at birth Fluoride at 6 mo Iron rich foods should be 1st solids introduced

Question 37

Addition of solid foods: B/t \_\_-\_\_ mo of age, when infant can \_\_\_, \_\_\_, \_\_\_

Answer 37

4-6 lift head, sit w/ support, turn head when full

Question 38

Small window of time for acceptance of different textures bt \_\_-\_\_ mo

Answer 38

4-14 months

Question 39

Honey should be avoided until at least \_\_\_

Answer 39

1 y/o

Question 40

introduction of gluten should occur bt ___ -\_\_\_

Answer 40

4-7 months

Question 41

Introduction of gluten while infant is still being breast fed may ↓ the risk of \_\_\_, \_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_

Answer 41

Celiac Dz type 1 DM wheat allergy

Question 42

No juice in infants ___ mo of age, unless clinically indicated Limit juice to: \< 4 ounces/day in ___ y/o \< 6 ounces/day in ___ y/o \< 8 ounces/day in ___ y/o

Answer 42

\<12 1-3 y/o 4-6 y/o 7-18 y/o.

Question 43

Breastfeeding can ↓incidence/risk of (10) have an idea

Answer 43

- Respiratory infxn - Otitis media - GI infections - SIDS - Asthma - Atopic Dermatitis - Inflammatory bowel dz - Obesity - Diabetes – type 1 - Childhood leukemia & lymphoma

Question 44

what are the advantages of breast feeding Neurodevelopmentally

Answer 44

Intelligence scores and teacher ratings significantly ↑

Question 45

Benefit of breastfeeding in Preterm Infants

Answer 45

- ↓rates of sepsis and NEC - ↓ hospital readmissions - ↓ incidence of retinopathy of prematurity - Significantly ↑ scores for mental, motor and behavior ratings

Question 46

Breastfeeding Advantages for Mothers (5 things)

Answer 46

Delay return of ovulation thus ↑ spacing of children Loss of pregnancy-associated adipose tissue and wt gain Suppress post-partum bleeding (oxytocin release → uterine contraction) ↓ breast and ovarian cancers rate In mothers who have had cumulative lactation of 12-23 months→ significant ↓of HTN, hyperlipidemia, CV dz and DM

Question 47

Breastfeeding Contraindications (7)

Answer 47

- Galactosemia - Certain Inborn Errors of Metabolism - HIV+ mothers - Mothers w/ herpes on breast - Mothers with active TB until tx initiated - Mothers using illicit drugs - Mothers taking antimetabolite chemotherapy

Question 48

Indications for infant formula (4)

Answer 48

- Mother chooses not to breastfeed - Breastfeeding is contraindicated - Supplement breastfeeding for infants not taking adequate breast milk to support growth - Fortify expressed breast milk for infants requiring more calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals

Question 49

what are the Formula Preparation options?

Answer 49

ready to feed concentrate (mix with H2O) Powder (mix with H2O)

Question 50

Indications for Hydrolyzed Protein Formulas

Answer 50

- Cow milk protein allergy - Soy protein allergy - Galactosemia - Colic

Question 51

Contraindications of soy protein formula

Answer 51

Cow milk protein enterocolitis/enteropathy (likely to be sensitized to soy as well) Premature infants

Question 52

Indications for soy protein formula? (4)

Answer 52

- IgE-mediated allergy to cow milk protein? - Probably not as 10 -14% have soy protein allergy - Galactosemia - Vegan diet preference

Question 53

What are the Major Developmental Goals in Infancy

Answer 53

Attachment and Trust Self-regulation (feeding, sleeping, calming) Adaptation

Question 54

what are adaptation developemental goals for infants (4)

Answer 54

B- aby’s temperament - Reading/responding to baby’s cues - “Goodness of fit” w/in family - Developmental stimulation: physical, cognitive, language, social, emotional

Question 55

Special Concerns for infant development (6)

Answer 55

- Feeding (wt gain, lack of interest) - Sleep patterns - Temperament (irritable, inconsolable) - Developmental delays - Parent-Infant interaction - Failure to Thrive

Question 56

Cognitive dev matching : Recognizes facial expressions as similar even on different people Newborn Infant 2-6 months old 6-12 months

Answer 56

Newborn Infant

Question 57

Cognitive dev matching Has discovered hands, learns to manipulate objects Explores by putting everything in the mouth Object permanence - newborn infant - 2-6 months - 6-12 months

Answer 57

- 6-12 months

Question 58

cognitive dev. mathcing Much more social (actively looking around) Exploring environment and self (looking at hands) - newborn infant - 2-6 months - 6-12 months

Answer 58

6-12 months

Question 59

stagrner anxiety occurs bt \_\_- __ mo old

Answer 59

2-6 months old

Question 60

what heading tets is performed at birth and does it test (conductive/sensory /or mixed hearing )

Answer 60

BAER (Brainstem Audio Evoked Response) hearing test done at birth (tets conductive hearing)

Question 61

Anticipatory guidance: Newborn and 1st week might include (5)

Answer 61

infant care SIDS risk reduction breastfeeding prevention of shaken baby syndrome “purple crying”

Question 62

What may you address during anticipatory guidance of Newborn and 1st week

Answer 62

Hold, cuddle, and rock baby to comfort him; never shake or hit baby Put baby down to sleep on their back to reduce SIDS risk Learn baby’s signs of hunger and fullness Colic- crying for \>3 hrs in a 24 hr period (usually initiates at 2-3 wks after birth)

Question 63

Anticipatory guidance : Infancy (1-11 months) Might include (5)

Answer 63

parent-infant interaction infant safety seat and crib safety childproofing home sleep positioning introduction of solids

Question 64

What may you address during anticipatory guidance of infancy (1-11 months) (4)

Answer 64

Get to know baby’s temperament→ can understand and respond to his needs Lower the crib mattress when baby begins to stand in the crib Put medicines, poisons, and small and sharp objects out of baby’s reach Wait until baby is ready before offering the baby pureed or soft foods (~ 6 mo)