Infant Health Flashcards
What is the newborn period considered?
1-2 months
What is the infancy period considered?
1-12 months
Gross motor infant health is described as ______.
cephalocaudal
Fine motor infant health is develops from _____ to ______.
proximal to distal
If an infant is discharged from the hospital prior to 48 hours, when should the first visit be?
within 3-5 days
When is hematocrit typically ordered in infancy?
between 6, 9 and 12 months–unless otherwise indicated
How long is head circumference measured?
up to 2 years
Head control should be achieved by _____.
4 months
No head lag when pulled to sitting by _____ months.
6 months–lag may be first indicator of cerebral palsy
What can fissures at lip corners possibly indicate?
vitamin deficiency (fissures at lip corners is called cheilosis)
What do asymmetrical enlarged tonsils possibly indicate?
Tonsillar lymphoma
If an infant has a high pitch shrill, what could this possibly indicate?
increased ICP
Pectus carinatum
pigeon chest (out)
Pectus excavatum
sunken chest (caved in)–most common congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the chest
Gynecomastia/galactorrhea can last up to ___months due to hormones.
3 months
The liver edge is palpable ___cm below the right costal margin in infants.
1-2
Diastasis recti
separation of the rectus abdomen muscle
Phimosis
unable to fully retract foreskin
Testes should be fully descended by_____ months.
3 months of age
What is Alli’s sign and what does it test for?
Unequal leg length –screening for developmental hip dysplasia
What is galeazzi’s sign and what does it test for?
Unequal knee height–screening for developmental hip dysplasia. If bilateral dysplasia, will not be accurate screening
Explain when to be concerned and not be concerned with swollen lymph nodes in infancy.
1 cm inguinal, 2 cm cervical enlargement (palpable) may be a normal variant
Shotty lymph nodes indicate past infection
Supraclavicular nodes require aggressive investigation
What indicates newborn vision?
Blink reflex and pupil constriction indicate newborn vision
Hearing loss indicates loss of _____ decibels.
20 to 30 decibles
Types of temperament in infants
easy
slow to warm up
difficult/cyclic
What does stranger anxiety typically occur?
by 6 months of age
When does separation anxiety typically occur?
by 8 months of age
What can result with insecure attachment?
avoidance, anxiety, disorganization
Yolk of an egg is ________, where an egg white is ______.
hypoallergenic vs hyperallergenic
What are developmental warning signs of infancy?
apparent visual delay Does not raise head when lying on stomach by 3 months Does not try to pick up toy by 6 months No reactions to noise/voice Does not laugh Does not seek interpersonal contact Does not sit up
Acetaminopen dose
First line of therapy for fevers
10-15 mg/kg every 4-6 hours
Ibuprofen dose
approved after 6 months of age
10 mg/kg every 6 hours
What is a fever considered in early infancy?
greater than 100.4 (38 celsius)
Temperatures higher than 101.8 (38.9) suggest serious bacterial infection
40% of fevers occur in infants less than 4 weeks of age
40% of fevers are viral
Bacterial infections in infants most common cause in 1 month?
Group B strep and gram-negative enteric organisms
Bacterial infections in infants most common cause at 2 months?
s. pneumoniae and H. influenza
