Adolescent Health Issues

Question 1

What is adolescence defined as?

Answer 1

ages 12-10 years of age

3 transitional periods:

early: 12-14
middle: 15-17
late: 18-20

Question 2

Explain the HEADSS acronym.

Answer 2

H: home environment
E: employment and education
A: activities
D: drugs
S: social
S: sexuality 

**do this overtime they come in

Question 3

How is sexual maturity rating obtained?

Answer 3

by taking the average from both Tanner stage rates (genital/breast + pubic hair development)

Question 4

Boys: Tanner Staging for Sexual Characteristic Development

Answer 4

1. preadolescent testes, scrotum, penis
2. enlargement of scrotum and testes–scrotum roughens and reddens
   * *3. penis elongates–is where most things occur
3. penis enlarges in breadth and development of glans–rugae appear
4. adult shape and appearance

Question 5

Girls: Tanner Staging for breast development

Answer 5

1. preadolescent breasts
2. breast buds with areolar enlargement
   * *3. breast enlargement without separate nipple contour
3. areola and nipple project as secondary mound
4. adult breast: areola recess, nipple retracts

Question 6

Tanner Staging Pubic Hair for males and females

Answer 6

1. preadolescent
2. sparse, pale, fine
   * *3. darker, increased amount, curlier
3. adult in character but not as voluminous
4. adult pattern

Question 7

When does menarche typically start?

Answer 7

between breast development stages 3 to 4, predominantly at stage 4

Question 8

When do males begin nocturnal emissions?

Answer 8

spermarche occurs shortly after denial stage 3

Question 9

What ages qualify for precocious puberty?

Answer 9

age 8 in girls; age 9 in boys

Question 10

Describe the difference between psychosocial development in younger vs older adolescence?

Answer 10

younger: conforms to peer groups, characterized by parent/child conflict, expresses anger
older: less emotionally labile, continues to dev independence, reestablishes rapport with parents (bc parents control 5 cs), more interested in opposite sex, better sense of self-esteem, confidence

Question 11

What are developmental warning signs in adolescence?

Answer 11

change in school performance, eating, friendships, sleeping
apparent personality changes
difficulty accepting failure
talk of suicide
withdrawal from friends or family

Question 12

When is the peak incidence of eating disorders and what is the mortality of them?

Answer 12

14-18 years

mortality as high as 10% as a combination of suicide and consequential death

Question 13

Describe the difference between anorexia and bulimia

Answer 13

anorexia: eating disturbances, weight loss, refusal to maintain body weight at 85% of expected weight for height
bulimia: episodic being and purge episodes

Question 14

What is russle’s sign and what does it indicate?

Answer 14

bruised knuckles–earliest sign of eating disorder (put fingers down throat and pull back–hand/knuckles hit teeth)

Question 15

What are signs and symptoms of an eating disorder?

Answer 15

weight loss
anemia
amenorrhea
dry skin
constipation
low vital signs
lanugo
evidence of self-induced vomiting (tooth enamel erosion)
russel's sign
changes in gums and erosion of tooth enamel
nail discoloration

Question 16

Explain mild, moderate, and severe malnutrition

Answer 16

mild: