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Pediatrics Exam 1 > Infant G&D > Flashcards

Infant G&D Flashcards

1
Q

cephalocaudal

A

gains control of head first

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2
Q

proximodistal

A

near to father away (inner to outer)

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3
Q

differentiation

A

gross motor before fine motor (grasp to pinch)

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4
Q

What is considered the developmental stages of infancy

A

neonatal

infancy

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5
Q

what age is the neonatal period

A

birth to 28 days

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6
Q

What age is the infancy period

A

1 month- 12 months

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7
Q

what stages are considered to be in the early childhood stage

A

toddler

preschool

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8
Q

what age is the toddler period

A

1-2 years

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9
Q

what age is the preschool period

A

3-6 years

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10
Q

what stage is considered middle childhood?

A

school age years

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11
Q

what age is school age years?

A

6-12 years

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12
Q

What stages (not ages) are considered late childhood?

A

prepubertal

adolescence

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13
Q

What age is prepubertal

A

10-12 years

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14
Q

what age is adolescence

A

13-18 years

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15
Q

Erikson’s theories

A 
Trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs shame and doubt
initiative vs guilt
industry vs inferiority
identify vs role confusion
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16
Q

Piaget theroies

A

sensorimotor: infancy -2 years
pre-operation: 2-6 years
Operation: school age
Formal operation: adolescent

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17
Q

is it expected to loose weight in the infancy period?

A

yes, expected to loose 10% after birth

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18
Q

what is weight loss after birth caused by?

A

withdraw of hormones from mother
loss of excessive extra cellular fluid
passage of meconium and urine
limited food intake

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19
Q

when should a infant gain back their birth weight?

A

by 2 weeks

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20
Q

how much does an infant gain a day until 6 months old

A

1 oz per day

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21
Q

an infant doubles their weight by ___ months, and triples by ____ year.

A

6 months, 1 year

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22
Q

an infant grows by how much per month until 6 months

A

1 inch

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23
Q

an infants height is increased by ___% by 1 year

A

50

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24
Q

an infants head grows ___ inches per month for the first 6 months

A

0.5

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25
Q

you assess the fontanel for

A

ICP and hydration

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26
Q

the posterior fontanel closes at

A

6-8 weeks

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27
Q

the anterior fontanel closes at

A

12-18 months

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28
Q

normal vs for a newborn

A

RR: 30-60/min
HR: 120-160/ min
BP: 80/40

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29
Q

normal vs for a 1 yr old

A

RR: 20-30/min
HR: 100-120/min
BP: 100/60

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30
Q

Vision for birth-1m

A

able to follow object to midline

can see 8-10 in away

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31
Q

vision for 2m

A

lift and look

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32
Q

vision at 3m

A

faces, associates visual with stimuli

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33
Q

vision at 4m

A

hand regard, follows object past midline, recognizes familiar objects, follows parents

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34
Q

vision at 6m

A

directed reach and depth perception

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35
Q

vision at 10m

A

object permanence (hiding a duck under a blanket, child will know its still there)

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36
Q

infants know their mothers ___ at birth

A

voice

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37
Q

at 3-6 months infants are able to ____ sound, and understand a few words like ____,___

A

localize, no no and bye bye

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38
Q

infants say their first meaningful word at

A

6-12 months

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39
Q

at what age can an infant hear and follow simple commands?

A

12 months

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40
Q

infants have their first deciduous tooth by

A

5-6 months

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41
Q

Infant head control at 1m

A

marked head lag

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42
Q

infant head control at 3m

A

can hold head up

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43
Q

infant head control at 4m

A

well established head control and can support weight with arms

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44
Q

at 5m an infant can roll from

A

belly to back

45
Q

at 6m an infant can roll from

A

back to belly, and sits with support

46
Q

at 7m an infant can

A

sit alone leaning forward in tripod position

47
Q

at 8m an infant can sit

A

unsupported

48
Q

at 10m an infant can sit from a

A

prone or supine position

49
Q

locomotion 4-6m

A

increased arm coordination, pushes backwards with arms

50
Q

locomotion 6-7m

A

bears weight on legs

51
Q

locomotion 8-10m

A

crawls backwards on belly first

52
Q

locomotion 9m-

A

pulls on furniture

53
Q

locomotion 10-12m

A

cruises (walks with support from furniture)

*walkers are not recommended for use)

54
Q

locomotion 11m

A

creeps on hands and knees

55
Q

locomotion 12m

A

walks with on hand held

56
Q

locomotion 15m

A

walks independently

57
Q

fine motor development 1m

A

hand is predominantly closed

58
Q

fine motor development 3m

A

able to grasp

59
Q

fine motor development 5m

A

two handed voluntary grasp

60
Q

fine motor development 4-6m

A

brings things to mouth

61
Q

fine motor development 6m

A

holds bottle, grasps feet

62
Q

fine motor development 7m

A

transfers objects from hand to hand

63
Q

fine motor development 8-9m

A

pincer grasp

64
Q

fine motor development 12m

A

refined grasp

65
Q

rooting reflex appears at and disappears at?

A

birth; 3-4m

66
Q

what elicits rooting reflex

A

head midline, stroke cheek

infant opens mouth and turns head to stimulated side

67
Q

asymmetric tonic neck appears at and disappears at

A

birth; 4-6m

68
Q

what elicits asymmetric tonic neck?

A

supine, rotate head to one side and hold 15 seconds

arm and leg extend on facial side other side flexes

69
Q

palmer grasp appears at and disappears at?

A

birth; 3-6m

70
Q

what elicits palmer grasp?

A

place finger into palm and press

fingers flex around examiners finger

71
Q

moro (startle) reflex appears at and disappears at?

A

birth; 4m

72
Q

what elicits moro reflex

A

present loud noise or allow infant head to drop slightly, arms spread and fingers extend then flex, arms come toward each other, may cry

73
Q

at 2 months old an infant should be able to

A

hold head erect in mid position and turn from side to back

74
Q

at 3 months old an infant should be able to

A

hold head erect and steady, open or close hands (grasp)

75
Q

at 4 months old an infant should be able to

A

sit with adequate support (pillow), roll from front to back, holds head erect while sitting, brings hands together in midline and plays with fingers, grasps objects with both hands.

76
Q

at 5 months old an infant should be able to

A

balance head well while sitting, sit with little support, pulls feet up to mouth when supine, grasps object with whole hand, can hold one object while looking at another

77
Q

at 6m old an infant should be able to

A

sit alone briefly, turn over completely, rolling all over the place, lifts chest and upper belly when prone, holds own bottle

78
Q

at 7m old an infant should be able to

A

sit alone in tripod, hold cup, imitates since acts of others, like waving

79
Q

at 8m old an infant should be able to

A

sit alone steadily, drinks from adult cup with assistance, eats finger foods that can be held in one hand

80
Q

at 9m old an infant should be able to

A

rise to sitting position alone, crawl (belly to ground), holds bottle and had good hand-mouth coordination

81
Q

at 10m old an infant should be able to

A

creeps well (uses hands and legs on floor), walks with help, brings hands together, object permanence

82
Q

at 11m an infant should be able to

A

walk holding furniture, stands erect with minimal support.

83
Q

at 12m an infant should be able to

A

stands alone, sits down alone, walks a few steps with help or alone, feeds small bites of food alone

84
Q

Erkison trust vs mistrust

A

infant cannot tolerate frustration
don’t delay gratification
infant entirely dependent on caregiver, important role in shaping child’s personality

85
Q

Piaget: sensorimotor

A

progression of simple reflexes to simple repetitive acts
learns they are separate from others and objects
object permanence

86
Q

stressors include

A 
loss of caregiver
loud noises
lights
sudden movements
needles do not bother infants, they don't know what bodily harm is
87
Q

social development 1 week

A

show preference for human face

88
Q

social development for 6-8 weeks

A

social smile

89
Q

social development for 3m

A

shows excitement for new things

90
Q

social development for 6m

A

interactive

91
Q

social development for 6-7m

A

stranger danger, testament of child/parent bond)

92
Q

social development 7m

A

imitates actions and noises, shows displeasure, pushes things away

93
Q

social development 8m

A

imitates sounds

94
Q

social development 9-10m

A

understands simples commands like no

separation anxiety

95
Q

social development 10m

A

plays games like pat-a-cake and peekaboo

96
Q

social development 12m

A

can vocalize 4 words

97
Q

for the first 4 months of an infants life they can sleep

A

16-20 hours per day

98
Q

by 5 months most infants can sleep

A

through the nights with 2 daytime naps

99
Q

infants cry how long the first three weeks?

A

1-1.5 hours per day

100
Q

infants cry how long up to the first 6 weeks

A

2-4 hours per day

101
Q

vocalization begins at

A

5-6 weeks

102
Q

cooing begins at

A

2m

103
Q

consonant sounds and laughs begins at

A

3-4m

104
Q

vowel sounds begin at

A

5-7m

105
Q

imitating sounds begins at

A

8m

106
Q

an infant can understand the word no at

A

9-10m

107
Q

an infant can say 3-5 words and mama and dada at

A

12m

108
Q

RED flags of infant development

A

unable to sit alone by 9m
unable to transfer objects from one hand to another by 12m
abnormal pincer grasp by 15m
unable to walk by 18m
failure to speak recognizable words by 2 yrs

Pediatrics Exam 1 (12 decks)

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