Infant G&D Flashcards
cephalocaudal
gains control of head first
proximodistal
near to father away (inner to outer)
differentiation
gross motor before fine motor (grasp to pinch)
What is considered the developmental stages of infancy
neonatal
infancy
what age is the neonatal period
birth to 28 days
What age is the infancy period
1 month- 12 months
what stages are considered to be in the early childhood stage
toddler
preschool
what age is the toddler period
1-2 years
what age is the preschool period
3-6 years
what stage is considered middle childhood?
school age years
what age is school age years?
6-12 years
What stages (not ages) are considered late childhood?
prepubertal
adolescence
What age is prepubertal
10-12 years
what age is adolescence
13-18 years
Erikson’s theories
Trust vs. mistrust autonomy vs shame and doubt initiative vs guilt industry vs inferiority identify vs role confusion
Piaget theroies
sensorimotor: infancy -2 years
pre-operation: 2-6 years
Operation: school age
Formal operation: adolescent
is it expected to loose weight in the infancy period?
yes, expected to loose 10% after birth
what is weight loss after birth caused by?
withdraw of hormones from mother
loss of excessive extra cellular fluid
passage of meconium and urine
limited food intake
when should a infant gain back their birth weight?
by 2 weeks
how much does an infant gain a day until 6 months old
1 oz per day
an infant doubles their weight by ___ months, and triples by ____ year.
6 months, 1 year
an infant grows by how much per month until 6 months
1 inch
an infants height is increased by ___% by 1 year
50
an infants head grows ___ inches per month for the first 6 months
0.5
you assess the fontanel for
ICP and hydration
the posterior fontanel closes at
6-8 weeks
the anterior fontanel closes at
12-18 months
normal vs for a newborn
RR: 30-60/min
HR: 120-160/ min
BP: 80/40
normal vs for a 1 yr old
RR: 20-30/min
HR: 100-120/min
BP: 100/60
Vision for birth-1m
able to follow object to midline
can see 8-10 in away
vision for 2m
lift and look
vision at 3m
faces, associates visual with stimuli
vision at 4m
hand regard, follows object past midline, recognizes familiar objects, follows parents
vision at 6m
directed reach and depth perception
vision at 10m
object permanence (hiding a duck under a blanket, child will know its still there)
infants know their mothers ___ at birth
voice
at 3-6 months infants are able to ____ sound, and understand a few words like ____,___
localize, no no and bye bye
infants say their first meaningful word at
6-12 months
at what age can an infant hear and follow simple commands?
12 months
infants have their first deciduous tooth by
5-6 months
Infant head control at 1m
marked head lag
infant head control at 3m
can hold head up
infant head control at 4m
well established head control and can support weight with arms
at 5m an infant can roll from
belly to back
at 6m an infant can roll from
back to belly, and sits with support
at 7m an infant can
sit alone leaning forward in tripod position
at 8m an infant can sit
unsupported
at 10m an infant can sit from a
prone or supine position
locomotion 4-6m
increased arm coordination, pushes backwards with arms
locomotion 6-7m
bears weight on legs
locomotion 8-10m
crawls backwards on belly first
locomotion 9m-
pulls on furniture
locomotion 10-12m
cruises (walks with support from furniture)
*walkers are not recommended for use)
locomotion 11m
creeps on hands and knees
locomotion 12m
walks with on hand held
locomotion 15m
walks independently
fine motor development 1m
hand is predominantly closed
fine motor development 3m
able to grasp
fine motor development 5m
two handed voluntary grasp
fine motor development 4-6m
brings things to mouth
fine motor development 6m
holds bottle, grasps feet
fine motor development 7m
transfers objects from hand to hand
fine motor development 8-9m
pincer grasp
fine motor development 12m
refined grasp
rooting reflex appears at and disappears at?
birth; 3-4m
what elicits rooting reflex
head midline, stroke cheek
infant opens mouth and turns head to stimulated side
asymmetric tonic neck appears at and disappears at
birth; 4-6m
what elicits asymmetric tonic neck?
supine, rotate head to one side and hold 15 seconds
arm and leg extend on facial side other side flexes
palmer grasp appears at and disappears at?
birth; 3-6m
what elicits palmer grasp?
place finger into palm and press
fingers flex around examiners finger
moro (startle) reflex appears at and disappears at?
birth; 4m
what elicits moro reflex
present loud noise or allow infant head to drop slightly, arms spread and fingers extend then flex, arms come toward each other, may cry
at 2 months old an infant should be able to
hold head erect in mid position and turn from side to back
at 3 months old an infant should be able to
hold head erect and steady, open or close hands (grasp)
at 4 months old an infant should be able to
sit with adequate support (pillow), roll from front to back, holds head erect while sitting, brings hands together in midline and plays with fingers, grasps objects with both hands.
at 5 months old an infant should be able to
balance head well while sitting, sit with little support, pulls feet up to mouth when supine, grasps object with whole hand, can hold one object while looking at another
at 6m old an infant should be able to
sit alone briefly, turn over completely, rolling all over the place, lifts chest and upper belly when prone, holds own bottle
at 7m old an infant should be able to
sit alone in tripod, hold cup, imitates since acts of others, like waving
at 8m old an infant should be able to
sit alone steadily, drinks from adult cup with assistance, eats finger foods that can be held in one hand
at 9m old an infant should be able to
rise to sitting position alone, crawl (belly to ground), holds bottle and had good hand-mouth coordination
at 10m old an infant should be able to
creeps well (uses hands and legs on floor), walks with help, brings hands together, object permanence
at 11m an infant should be able to
walk holding furniture, stands erect with minimal support.
at 12m an infant should be able to
stands alone, sits down alone, walks a few steps with help or alone, feeds small bites of food alone
Erkison trust vs mistrust
infant cannot tolerate frustration
don’t delay gratification
infant entirely dependent on caregiver, important role in shaping child’s personality
Piaget: sensorimotor
progression of simple reflexes to simple repetitive acts
learns they are separate from others and objects
object permanence
stressors include
loss of caregiver loud noises lights sudden movements needles do not bother infants, they don't know what bodily harm is
social development 1 week
show preference for human face
social development for 6-8 weeks
social smile
social development for 3m
shows excitement for new things
social development for 6m
interactive
social development for 6-7m
stranger danger, testament of child/parent bond)
social development 7m
imitates actions and noises, shows displeasure, pushes things away
social development 8m
imitates sounds
social development 9-10m
understands simples commands like no
separation anxiety
social development 10m
plays games like pat-a-cake and peekaboo
social development 12m
can vocalize 4 words
for the first 4 months of an infants life they can sleep
16-20 hours per day
by 5 months most infants can sleep
through the nights with 2 daytime naps
infants cry how long the first three weeks?
1-1.5 hours per day
infants cry how long up to the first 6 weeks
2-4 hours per day
vocalization begins at
5-6 weeks
cooing begins at
2m
consonant sounds and laughs begins at
3-4m
vowel sounds begin at
5-7m
imitating sounds begins at
8m
an infant can understand the word no at
9-10m
an infant can say 3-5 words and mama and dada at
12m
RED flags of infant development
unable to sit alone by 9m
unable to transfer objects from one hand to another by 12m
abnormal pincer grasp by 15m
unable to walk by 18m
failure to speak recognizable words by 2 yrs
