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Developmental Psychology > Infancy And Toddlerhood > Flashcards

Infancy And Toddlerhood Flashcards

1
Q

Age period of infancy and toddlerhood.

A

Birth to age 3

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2
Q

The brain grows in complexity and is highly sensitive to _ influences.

A

Environmental

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3
Q

Physical growth and development of _ skills are rapid.

A

Motor skills

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4
Q

Use of symbols and ability to solve problems developed by the end of _.

A

2nd year

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5
Q

What is the cognitive development in this period?

A

Comprehension and use of language

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6
Q

What are the 2 principles of development?

A

Cephalocaudal
Proximodistal

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7
Q

Development occurs from head to toe.

A

Cephalocaudal

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8
Q

Development occurs from the center of the body to the extremities.

A

Proximodistal

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9
Q

Teething occurs at the _ or _ month.

A

3 or 4

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10
Q

Months of arrival of the first tooth.

A

5th- 9th

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11
Q

Year where the teeth are complete.

A

3rd year

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12
Q

Automatic involuntary response to a stimuli.

A

Reflexes

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of reflexes?

A

Primitive
Postural
Locomotor

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14
Q

Reflex related to instinctive needs from survival and protection.

A

Primitive

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15
Q

Reflexes as reactions to changes in position or balance.

A

Postural

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16
Q

Reflexes that resemble voluntary movements that do not appear until months after the reflexes have disappeared.

A

Locomotor

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17
Q

Reflex when the baby is dropped or hears a loud noise. It extends legs, arms, fingers, arches draw and draws back head.

A

Moro reflex

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18
Q

Grasping reflex or when the baby’s hand is stroked.

A

Darwinian reflex

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19
Q

Reflex when the baby is laid down on back where it turns head to one side, assumes fencer position, extends arm and leg on preferred side and flexes opposite limbs.

A

Tonic neck

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20
Q

Reflex when the sole of the baby’s foot is stroked.

A

Babinski

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21
Q

Reflex when both of the baby’s palms are stroked at once.

A

Babkin

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22
Q

Reflex when baby’s cheek or lower lip is stroked with finger or nipple and sucking movement begins.

A

Rooting reflex

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23
Q

Reflex where baby makes step like motions that look like well coordinated walking.

A

Walking reflex

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24
Q

Baby’s reflex where it makes a well coordinated swimming movement.

A

Swimming

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25
Early sensory capacity, the first to develop and the fastest to mature; by 32nd week of gestation, the whole body is sensitive to it.
Touch and pain
26
Early sensory capacities that develop in the womb; the preference to mother's milk.
Smell and Taste
27
Least sense at birth.
Sight
28
Use of the eyes to guide movements of the hands or other parts of the body.
Visual Guidance
29
Ability to perceive objects and surfaces three dimensionally.
Depth Perception
30
Ability to acquire information about properties of objects, such as size, weight and texture by handling them.
Haptic Perception
31
Motor development is a continuous process of interaction between the baby and the environment.
Thelen's Dynamic Systems Theory
32
The inability to remember events before 2 years old.
Infantile Amnesia
33
Psychometric test that seek to measure intelligence by comparing a test-taker's performance with standardized norms.
Intelligence Quotient Test
34
Psychometric test that compares a baby's performance on a series of tasks with standardized norms for particular ages.
Developmental Test
35
Standardized test of infants' and toddler's mental and motor development.
Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
36
Piaget's term for organized patterns of thought and behavior used in particular situations.
Schemes
37
Processes by which an infant learns to reproduce desired occurrences originally discovered by chance.
Circular reactions
38
What are the 6 substages of the sensorimotor stage?
1. Use of reflexes (birth to 1 month) 2. Primary circular reactions (1-4 mos) 3. Secondary circular reactions (4-8 mos) 4. Coordination of secondary schemes (8-12 mos) 5. Tertiary circular reactions (12-18 mos) 6. Mental combinations (18-24 mos)
39
The substage of the sensorimotor stage where they do not grasp an object they are looking at.
Use of reflexes
40
A substage of the sensorimotor stage where infants repeat pleasurable behaviors that first occur by chance. Activities focus on the infant's body rather than the effects of behavior on the environment.
Primary circular reactions
41
A substage of the sensorimotor stage where infants become more interested in the environment; they repeat actions that bring interesting results and prolong interesting experiences.
Secondary circular reactions
42
A substage of sensorimotor stage where they have learned to generalize from past experience to solve new problems. This substage marks the development of complex, goal-directed behavior.
Coordination of Secondary Schemes
43
A substage of sensorimotor stage where toddlers show curiosity and experimentation, they purposefully vary their actions to see results.
Tertiary circular reactions
44
A substage of sensorimotor stage where it transitions to the pre operational stage. Development of representational ability and symbolic thoughts enables them to begin to think about events and anticipate their consequences without always resorting to action. They begin to demonstrate insight.
Mental combinations
45
Imitation with parts of one's body that one cannot see.
Invisible imitation.
46
Imitation with parts of one's body can see.
Visible imitation
47
Reproduction of an observed beg for after the passage of time by calling up a stored symbol of it.
Deferred imitation
48
The term for understanding that a person or object still exists when out of sight. Develops during the 4th substage and fully achieved during the 6th substage of sensorimotor stage.
Object Permanence
49
Intentional representations of reality.
Symbols
50
Focuses on perception, learning, memory and problem solving. It aims to discover how children process information from the time they encounter it until they use it.
Information Processing Approach
51
A type of learning in which repeated or continuous exposure to a stimulus reduces attention to that stimulus.
Habitation
52
Increase in responsiveness after presentation of new stimulus.
Dishabituation
53
Tendency of infants to spend more time looking at one sight than another; it is based on the ability to make visual distinctions.
Visual Preference
54
Tendency to prefer on familiar things.
Novelty preference
55
Ability to distinguish a familiar visual stimulus from an unfamiliar one when shown both at the same time.
Visual recognition memory
56
The ability to use information gained by one sense to guide another.
Cross-Modal transfer
57
Forerunner of linguistic speech; utterance of sounds that are not words. Includes crying, cooing, babbling and accidental imitation of sounds without understanding its meaning.
Prelinguistic Speech
58
Verbal expression designed to convey meaning.
Linguistic speech
59
Single words that convey a complete thought.
Holophrase
60
Early form of sentence use consists of only a few essential words.
Telegraphic Words
61
Rules for forming sentences in a particular language.
Syntax
62
The relatively consistent blend of emotions, temperament, thought and behavior that makes a person unique.
Personality
63
Subjective reactions to experiences that are associated with physiological and behavioral changes.
Emotions
64
What are the early signs of emotion?
Crying Laughing and smiling
65
What are the 4 patterns of crying?
Hunger cry (rhymic) Angry cry (variation of rhythmic) Pain cry (sudden onset of loud cry) Frustration cry (2 or 3 drawn-out cry)
66
Acting out of concern for a stranger with no expectation of reward.
Altruistic Helping
67
The ability to put oneself in another person's place and feel what the other person feels.
Empathy
68
Characteristic disposition or style of approaching and reacting to situations.
Temperament
69
What are the 3 temperament types?
Easy children Difficult children Slow to warm up children

Developmental Psychology (11 decks)

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