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Developmental Psychology > Infancy And Toddlerhood > Flashcards

Infancy And Toddlerhood Flashcards

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1
Q

Age period of infancy and toddlerhood.

A

Birth to age 3

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2
Q

The brain grows in complexity and is highly sensitive to _ influences.

A

Environmental

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3
Q

Physical growth and development of _ skills are rapid.

A

Motor skills

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4
Q

Use of symbols and ability to solve problems developed by the end of _.

A

2nd year

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5
Q

What is the cognitive development in this period?

A

Comprehension and use of language

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6
Q

What are the 2 principles of development?

A

Cephalocaudal
Proximodistal

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7
Q

Development occurs from head to toe.

A

Cephalocaudal

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8
Q

Development occurs from the center of the body to the extremities.

A

Proximodistal

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9
Q

Teething occurs at the _ or _ month.

A

3 or 4

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10
Q

Months of arrival of the first tooth.

A

5th- 9th

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11
Q

Year where the teeth are complete.

A

3rd year

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12
Q

Automatic involuntary response to a stimuli.

A

Reflexes

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of reflexes?

A

Primitive
Postural
Locomotor

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14
Q

Reflex related to instinctive needs from survival and protection.

A

Primitive

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15
Q

Reflexes as reactions to changes in position or balance.

A

Postural

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16
Q

Reflexes that resemble voluntary movements that do not appear until months after the reflexes have disappeared.

A

Locomotor

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17
Q

Reflex when the baby is dropped or hears a loud noise. It extends legs, arms, fingers, arches draw and draws back head.

A

Moro reflex

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18
Q

Grasping reflex or when the baby’s hand is stroked.

A

Darwinian reflex

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19
Q

Reflex when the baby is laid down on back where it turns head to one side, assumes fencer position, extends arm and leg on preferred side and flexes opposite limbs.

A

Tonic neck

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20
Q

Reflex when the sole of the baby’s foot is stroked.

A

Babinski

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21
Q

Reflex when both of the baby’s palms are stroked at once.

A

Babkin

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22
Q

Reflex when baby’s cheek or lower lip is stroked with finger or nipple and sucking movement begins.

A

Rooting reflex

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23
Q

Reflex where baby makes step like motions that look like well coordinated walking.

A

Walking reflex

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24
Q

Baby’s reflex where it makes a well coordinated swimming movement.

A

Swimming

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25
Q

Early sensory capacity, the first to develop and the fastest to mature; by 32nd week of gestation, the whole body is sensitive to it.

A

Touch and pain

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26
Q

Early sensory capacities that develop in the womb; the preference to mother’s milk.

A

Smell and Taste

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27
Q

Least sense at birth.

A

Sight

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28
Q

Use of the eyes to guide movements of the hands or other parts of the body.

A

Visual Guidance

29
Q

Ability to perceive objects and surfaces three dimensionally.

A

Depth Perception

30
Q

Ability to acquire information about properties of objects, such as size, weight and texture by handling them.

A

Haptic Perception

31
Q

Motor development is a continuous process of interaction between the baby and the environment.

A

Thelen’s Dynamic Systems Theory

32
Q

The inability to remember events before 2 years old.

A

Infantile Amnesia

33
Q

Psychometric test that seek to measure intelligence by comparing a test-taker’s performance with standardized norms.

A

Intelligence Quotient Test

34
Q

Psychometric test that compares a baby’s performance on a series of tasks with standardized norms for particular ages.

A

Developmental Test

35
Q

Standardized test of infants’ and toddler’s mental and motor development.

A

Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development

36
Q

Piaget’s term for organized patterns of thought and behavior used in particular situations.

A

Schemes

37
Q

Processes by which an infant learns to reproduce desired occurrences originally discovered by chance.

A

Circular reactions

38
Q

What are the 6 substages of the sensorimotor stage?

A
  1. Use of reflexes (birth to 1 month)
  2. Primary circular reactions (1-4 mos)
  3. Secondary circular reactions (4-8 mos)
  4. Coordination of secondary schemes (8-12 mos)
  5. Tertiary circular reactions (12-18 mos)
  6. Mental combinations (18-24 mos)
39
Q

The substage of the sensorimotor stage where they do not grasp an object they are looking at.

A

Use of reflexes

40
Q

A substage of the sensorimotor stage where infants repeat pleasurable behaviors that first occur by chance. Activities focus on the infant’s body rather than the effects of behavior on the environment.

A

Primary circular reactions

41
Q

A substage of the sensorimotor stage where infants become more interested in the environment; they repeat actions that bring interesting results and prolong interesting experiences.

A

Secondary circular reactions

42
Q

A substage of sensorimotor stage where they have learned to generalize from past experience to solve new problems. This substage marks the development of complex, goal-directed behavior.

A

Coordination of Secondary Schemes

43
Q

A substage of sensorimotor stage where toddlers show curiosity and experimentation, they purposefully vary their actions to see results.

A

Tertiary circular reactions

44
Q

A substage of sensorimotor stage where it transitions to the pre operational stage. Development of representational ability and symbolic thoughts enables them to begin to think about events and anticipate their consequences without always resorting to action. They begin to demonstrate insight.

A

Mental combinations

45
Q

Imitation with parts of one’s body that one cannot see.

A

Invisible imitation.

46
Q

Imitation with parts of one’s body can see.

A

Visible imitation

47
Q

Reproduction of an observed beg for after the passage of time by calling up a stored symbol of it.

A

Deferred imitation

48
Q

The term for understanding that a person or object still exists when out of sight. Develops during the 4th substage and fully achieved during the 6th substage of sensorimotor stage.

A

Object Permanence

49
Q

Intentional representations of reality.

A

Symbols

50
Q

Focuses on perception, learning, memory and problem solving. It aims to discover how children process information from the time they encounter it until they use it.

A

Information Processing Approach

51
Q

A type of learning in which repeated or continuous exposure to a stimulus reduces attention to that stimulus.

A

Habitation

52
Q

Increase in responsiveness after presentation of new stimulus.

A

Dishabituation

53
Q

Tendency of infants to spend more time looking at one sight than another; it is based on the ability to make visual distinctions.

A

Visual Preference

54
Q

Tendency to prefer on familiar things.

A

Novelty preference

55
Q

Ability to distinguish a familiar visual stimulus from an unfamiliar one when shown both at the same time.

A

Visual recognition memory

56
Q

The ability to use information gained by one sense to guide another.

A

Cross-Modal transfer

57
Q

Forerunner of linguistic speech; utterance of sounds that are not words. Includes crying, cooing, babbling and accidental imitation of sounds without understanding its meaning.

A

Prelinguistic Speech

58
Q

Verbal expression designed to convey meaning.

A

Linguistic speech

59
Q

Single words that convey a complete thought.

A

Holophrase

60
Q

Early form of sentence use consists of only a few essential words.

A

Telegraphic Words

61
Q

Rules for forming sentences in a particular language.

A

Syntax

62
Q

The relatively consistent blend of emotions, temperament, thought and behavior that makes a person unique.

A

Personality

63
Q

Subjective reactions to experiences that are associated with physiological and behavioral changes.

A

Emotions

64
Q

What are the early signs of emotion?

A

Crying
Laughing and smiling

65
Q

What are the 4 patterns of crying?

A

Hunger cry (rhymic)
Angry cry (variation of rhythmic)
Pain cry (sudden onset of loud cry)
Frustration cry (2 or 3 drawn-out cry)

66
Q

Acting out of concern for a stranger with no expectation of reward.

A

Altruistic Helping

67
Q

The ability to put oneself in another person’s place and feel what the other person feels.

A

Empathy

68
Q

Characteristic disposition or style of approaching and reacting to situations.

A

Temperament

69
Q

What are the 3 temperament types?

A

Easy children
Difficult children
Slow to warm up children

Developmental Psychology (11 decks)

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