Emerging Adulthood to Young Adulthood

Question 1

Proposed transitional period between adolescent and adulthood.

Answer 1

Emerging adulthood/Young adulthood

Question 2

Using sociological definitions, people may be considered __, when they are self supporting or have chosen a career, have married or formed a significant romantic partnership or have started a family.

Answer 2

Adults

Question 3

Onset of adulthood is marked, not just by external criteria but by such __ indicators as a sense of autonomy, self-control and personal responsibility.

Answer 3

Internal indicator

Question 4

What are the criteria defining adulthood?

Answer 4

Accepting responsibility for oneself
Making independent decisions
Becoming financially independent

Question 5

Emerging and young adults have the _ poverty rate and _ level of health insurance of any age group.

Answer 5

Highest poverty rate
Lowest level of health insurance

Question 6

Many emerging and young adults often go without adequate __.

Answer 6

Sleep

Question 7

Higher income people rate their health as __ and live _ than lower income people.

Answer 7

Better; longer

Question 8

The less schooling people have had a greater chance that they will develop __ diseases or chronic ailments or become a victim of __ or __.

Answer 8

Communicable diseases
Homicide/Suicide

Question 9

Better educated and more affluent people tend to have __ diets and __ health care and medical treatment.

Answer 9

Healthier; better preventive

Question 10

Active engagement in a broad range of social relationships, activities and roles; related to lower mortality rates.

Answer 10

Social Integration

Question 11

Refers to material, informational and psychological resources derived from the social network, on which a person can rely for help in coping with stress.

Answer 11

Social Support

Question 12

For most emerging adults, mental health and well being __ and problem behaviors __.

Answer 12

Improve
Diminish

Question 13

The overall prevalence of antisocial behavior __ during adulthood.

Answer 13

Drops

Question 14

Adolescence and emerging adulthood appear to be sensitive periods for the onset of __ disorders. Between ages 15 and 22, the incidence of it increases gradually.

Answer 14

Depressive disorders

Question 15

Emerging adults tend to have __ sexual partners than in older age groups and have __ sex frequently.

Answer 15

More
Less

Question 16

Most commonly used contraceptive

Answer 16

Condoms

Question 17

A disorder that produces physical discomfort and emotional tension for up to two weeks before menstrual period.

Answer 17

PMS

Question 18

Type of logical thinking that may emerge in adulthood, involving continuous, active evaluation of information and beliefs in the light of evidence and implications.

Answer 18

Reflective thinking

Question 19

Reflective thinking is a complex form of cognition, first defined by the American Philosopher and educator.

Answer 19

John Dewey

Question 20

The capacity for reflective thinking seems to emerge between ages __.

Answer 20

20 and 25

Question 21

Not until the emergence of reflective thinking are the __ regions of the brain that handle higher level thinking fully myelinated.

Answer 21

Cortical regions.

Question 22

Matured type of thinking that relies on subjective experience and intuition as well as logic and is useful in dealing with uncertainty, contradiction and compromise.

Answer 22

Postformal Thought

Question 23

Postformal thought generally begins in emerging adulthood, often through exposure to __.

Answer 23

Higher education

Question 24

The ability to think within at least two different logical systems and to shift back and forth between abstract reasoning and practical, real-world considerations. This is one of the criteria for postformal thought.

Answer 24

Shifting Gears

Question 25

This is one of the criteria for postformal thought. Ability to define a problem as falling within a class or category of logical problems and to define its parameters.

Answer 25

Problem definition

Question 26

Ability to see what a problem can be solved either through a process, with general application to similar problems, or through a product, a concrete solution to the particular problem. This is one of the criteria for postformal thought.

Answer 26

Process-product shift

Question 27

This is one of the criteria for postformal thought. Ability to choose the best of several possible logical solutions and to recognize criteria for choosing.

Answer 27

Pragmatism

Question 28

Awareness that most problems have more than one cause, that people may have differing goals and that a variety of methods can be used to arrive at more than one solution. This is one of the criteria for postformal thought.

Answer 28

Multiple solutions

Question 29

This is one of the criteria for postformal thought. Recognition that a problem or solution involves incoherent conflict.

Answer 29

Awareness of paradox

Question 30

This is one of the criteria for postformal thought. A person's awareness that he or she must be the judge of which logic to use: in other words, that he or she is using postformal thought.

Answer 30

Self-referential thought

Question 31

Schaie's seven stages that revolve around motivating goals that come to the fore at various stages of life.

Answer 31

A life span model of cognitive development

Question 32

What are the 7 stages of life span model of cognitive development?

Answer 32

Acquisitive stages Achieving stage Responsible stage Executive stage Reorganizational stage Reintegrative stage Legacy- creating stage

Question 33

The stage of Schaie's life span model of cognitive development where children and adolescents acquire information and skills mainly for their own sake or as a participation in society.

Answer 33

Acquisitive stage

Question 34

The stage of Schaie's life span model of cognitive development for late teens or early 20's to early 30's. Young adults no longer acquire knowledge merely for its own sake; they use what they know to pursue goals, such as career and family.

Answer 34

Achieving Stage

Question 35

The stage of Schaie's life span model of cognitive development for the late 30's to early 60's. Middle aged people use their minds to solve practical problems associated with responsibilities to others, such as family members or employees.

Answer 35

Responsible stage

Question 36

The stage of Schaie's life span model of cognitive development for the 30's of 40's through middle age. People are responsible for societal systems or social movements. They deal with complex relationships on multiple levels.

Answer 36

Executive stage

Question 37

The stage of Schaie's life span model of cognitive development for the end of middle age to the beginning of late adulthood. People who either enter retirement reorganize their lives and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits that take the place of paid work.

Answer 37

Reorganizational stage

Question 38

The stage of Schaie's life span model of cognitive development for the late adulthood. Older adults may be experiencing biological and cognitive changes and tend to be more selective about what tasks they expend effort to, concentrating on tasks that have most meaning for them.

Answer 38

Reintegrative stage

Question 39

The stage of Schaie's life span model of cognitive development for advanced old age. Older people may create instructions for the disposition of their possessions, funeral arrangements, oral and written histories/life stories as a legacy for their loved ones.

Answer 39

Legacy-creating stage

Question 40

According to him, advancement to the 3rd level of moral reasoning- fully principled, post conventional morality is chiefly a function of experience.

Answer 40

Kohlberg

Question 41

Most people do not reach the level of post conventional morality until their __.

Answer 41

20's

Question 42

Some adults offer personal experiences as reasons for their answers to __.

Answer 42

Moral dilemmas

Question 43

She suggested that a woman's central moral dilemma is the conflict between her needs and those of others.

Answer 43

Carol Gilligan

Question 44

Gilligan concluded that __ think less about abstract justice and fairness and more about their responsibilities to specific people.

Answer 44

Women

Question 45

Emerging adulthood offers a __, or time out from developmental pressures and the freedom to experiment with various roles and lifestyles but it also represents a turning point during which adult role commitments gradually crystallize.

Answer 45

Moratorium

Question 46

Until and unless identity development is accomplished, however, __ may set in.

Answer 46

Identity confusion.

Question 47

Process that underlies the shift on adult identity. It is a 4 stage process in which power, responsibility and decision making gradually shift from the family of origin to the independent young adult.

Answer 47

Recentering

Question 48

The stage of recentering where the individual is still embedded in the family of origin but expectations for self reliance and self directedness begin to increase.

Answer 48

Stage 1

Question 49

The stage of recentering where the individual remains connected and may be financially dependent on but no longer embedded within the family of origin.

Answer 49

Stage 2

Question 50

The stage of recentering where the individual moves into young adulthood, marked by independence from the family of origin and commitment to a career, a partner, and possibly children. Usually by age 30.

Answer 50

Stage 3

Question 51

Theoretical models that describe psychosocial development in terms of a definite sequence of age-related normative changes.

Answer 51

Normative stage models

Question 52

Changes that seem to be common to most members of a population, and they emerge in successive periods or stages, sometimes marked by emotional crises that pave the way for further development.

Answer 52

Normative stage models

Question 53

Theoretical models of personality development that describes adult psychosocial development as a response to the expected or unexpected occurrence and timing of important life events.

Answer 53

Timing-of-Events Model

Question 54

Commonly expected life experiences that occur at customary times.

Answer 54

Normative life events

Question 55

Set of cultural norms of expectations for the times of life when certain important events such as marriage, parenthood, entry into work, and retirement should occur.

Answer 55

Social clocks

Question 56

Theoretical models of personality development that focus on mental, emotional, temperamental and behavioral traits or attributes.

Answer 56

Trait model

Question 57

Theoretical models of personality, developed by Costa and McCrae, based on the Big 5 factors.

Answer 57

Five-factor model

Question 58

Theoretical approach that identifies broad personality types of styles such as Ego-resilient, over controlled and under controlled.

Answer 58

Typological Models

Question 59

People are well-adjusted, self confident, independent, articulate, attentive, helpful, cooperative and task-focused.

Answer 59

Ego resilient

Question 60

People are shy, quiet, anxious and dependable. They tend to keep their thoughts to themselves and to withdraw from conflict, and they are the most subject to depression.

Answer 60

Overcontrolled

Question 61

People are active, energetic, impulsive, stubborn and easily distracted.

Answer 61

Undercontrolled

Question 62

He saw the development of intimate relationships as a crucial task of young adulthood.

Answer 62

Erikson

Question 63

Friendship during emerging adulthood may be __ stable than in earlier and later periods.

Answer 63

Less

Question 64

In most societies, the institution of _ is considered the best way to ensure the protection and raising of children.

Answer 64

Marriage

Question 65

What are the 4 perspectives on women's happiness in marriage?

Answer 65

Companionate model Institutional model Equity model Gender model

Question 66

This model holds that egalitarian marriages, in which both husband and wife share work and family responsibilities are likely to be happiest and the most intimate.

Answer 66

Companionate model

Question 67

This model suggests that women are happier in marriage if they are committed to the traditional institution of marriage.

Answer 67

Institutional model

Question 68

This model claims that a woman's perception of fairness in the marriage and not the actual division of labor affects marital quality.

Answer 68

Equity Model

Question 69

This model suggests that women are happiest in marriages characterized by gender-typical roles.

Answer 69

Gender model

Question 70

New parents experience some _ about the responsibility of caring for a child, the commitment of time and energy it entails and the feeling of permanence that parenthood imposes on marriage.

Answer 70

Anxiety

Question 71

Marital satisfaction typically _ during the childbearing years.

Answer 71

Declines

Question 72

In most cases, the burdens of a dual-earner lifestyle fall most heavily on the __.

Answer 72

Women

Question 73

__ workplace policies may help alleviate marital stress.

Answer 73

Family-friendly workplace

Question 74

Ages for this period

Answer 74

Age 20-40