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Developmental Psychology > Dev Psych > Flashcards

Dev Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

The systematic study of processes of change and stability throughout the life span.

A

Human Development

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2
Q

It means coherent and organized.

A

Systematic

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3
Q

It is aimed at dealing with internal and external conditions of existence.

A

Adaptive

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4
Q

What are the 4 goals of human development?

A

Description
Explanation
Prediction
Intervention

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5
Q

What are the 3 domains of development?

A

Physical
Cognitive
Psychosocial

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6
Q

What are the periods of life span?

A

Pre-natal Period
Infancy & Toddlerhood
Early childhood
Middle childhood
Adolescence age
Young adulthood
Middle adulthood
Late Adulthood

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7
Q

Physical growth in this period is the most rapid in the life span.

A

Prenatal period

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8
Q

Attachment to parents and others begin to form at this period, as well as self-awareness and interest in others.

A

Infancy and Toodlerhood

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9
Q

The period where growth is steady and appearance becomes more slender and proportions more adult-like.

A

Early childhood

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10
Q

Period where handedness appears.

A

Early childhood

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11
Q

Intelligence becomes more predictable at this period.

A

Early childhood

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12
Q

Gender identity, self concept, self esteem, self control, initiative and independence develops in this period.

A

Early childhood

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13
Q

Altruism, aggression and fearfulness are common in this period.

A

Early childhood

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14
Q

Growth slows during this period.

A

Middle childhood

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15
Q

Health int his period is generally better than at any other time in the lifespan.

A

Middle childhood

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16
Q

The period where egocentrism diminishes and they begin to think logically but concretely.

A

Middle childhood

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17
Q

Physical growth and other changes are rapid and profound during this period.

A

Adolescence

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18
Q

Period where reproductive maturity occurs.

A

Adolescence

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19
Q

Period where physical conditions peak then declines slightly and the lifestyle choices influence health.

A

Young adulthood

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20
Q

This is where thought and moral judgments become more complex.

A

Young adulthood

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21
Q

In what period does personality traits and style become relatively stable and personality may be influenced by life stages and events.

A

Young adulthood

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22
Q

Period where intimate relationships and personal lifestyle are established but may not be lasting.

A

Young adulthood

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23
Q

Period where mental abilities peak and expertise esp in practical problem solving skills are high.

A

Middle adulthood

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24
Q

Stage where there occurs dual responsibilities.

A

Middle adulthood

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25
Q

What are the influences on development?

A

Individual differences
Heredity
Environment
Maturation

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26
Q

Inborn traits or characteristics inherited from the biological parents.

A

Heredity

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27
Q

Totality of nonhereditary, or experiential, influences on development.

A

Environment

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28
Q

Unfolding of a natural sequence of physical and behavioral changes.

A

Maturation

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29
Q

The 4 contexts of development

A

Family
Socioeconomic status (SES) and neighborhood
Culture and race/ethnicity
Historical context

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30
Q

Two kinds of family.

A

Nuclear
Extended

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31
Q

Two general kinship, economic and household of one or two parents and their biological/adopted/step children.

A

Nuclear

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32
Q

Multi-generational kinship of parents, children and relatives living together in an extended family household.

A

Extended

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33
Q

Combination of economic and social factors describing an individual or family, including income, education and occupation.

A

Socioeconomic status (SES)

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34
Q

Individuals around a person, especially non relatives.

A

Neighborhood

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35
Q

A society or group’s total way of life, including customs, traditions, beliefs, values, language and physical products-all learned behavior passed on from parents to children.

A

Culture

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36
Q

A group united by ancestry, race, religion, language and/or national origins, which contributes to a sense of shared identity.

A

Ethnic Group

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37
Q

Characteristic of an event that occurs in a similar way for most people in a group.

A

Normative

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38
Q

Significant environmental events that shape the behavior and attitudes of an age cohort.

A

History graded influences

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39
Q

What are the 2 normative influences?

A

Age graded influences
History graded influences

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40
Q

Union of sperm and ovum to produce a zygote.

A

Fertilization

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41
Q

Sex cells.

A

Gametes

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42
Q

One celled organism resulting from fertilization.

A

Zygote

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43
Q

Women usually has _ immature sex cells every after 28 days.

A

2 million

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44
Q

Twins from the division of one zygote. They have identical genes.

A

Monozygotic twins/Identical twins

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45
Q

Twins from 2 zygotes. They are genetically different.

A

Dizygotic twins/Fraternal twins

46
Q

Chemical that carries inherited instructions for the development of all cellular forms of life.

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

47
Q

What are the 2 pairs of chemical units (bases)?

A

Thymine & Adenine
Guanine & Cytosine

48
Q

About how many billion pairs are there per DNA?

A

3 billion

49
Q

Sequence of bases within the DNA molecule; Governs the formation of proteins that determine the structure and functions of living cells.

A

Genetic code

50
Q

Bundle of genes; all cells in the body except the gametes have 23 pairs of it.

A

Chromosomes

51
Q

22 pairs of chromosomes that are not related to sexual expression.

A

Autosomes

52
Q

The 23rd chromosome which determines the sex.

A

Sex chromosome

53
Q

The ovum carries an X sex chromosome while the sperm carries _ sex chromosome.

A

Either X or Y

54
Q

XX
XY

A

Female
Male

55
Q

The father of Genetics who discovered the dominant and recessive inheritance

A

Gregor Mendell

56
Q

The expression of a characteristic of a gene.

A

Allele

57
Q

The presence of a dominant allele can make the person inherit a trait.

A

Dominant Inheritance

58
Q

The absence of a dominant allele can make the person inherit a trait which usually cannot be seen to the parent.

A

Recessive Inheritance

59
Q

Period of development between conception and birth.

A

Gestation

60
Q

Age of an unborn baby, usually dated from the 1st day of an expectant mother’s last menstruation cycle.

A

Gestational age

61
Q

Normal range of gestation.

A

38-42

62
Q

Stage of prenatal development from fertilization to 2 weeks, where the zygote divides, becomes more complex and is implanted in the wall of the uterus.

A

Germinal Stage

63
Q

When does the zygote enter a period of rapid cell division and duplication?

A

36 hours

64
Q

In what day of the development does 64 cells occur?

A

4 days (96 hours)

65
Q

A fluid filled sphere form of the divided cell. It consists of hundreds of cells.

A

Blastocyst

66
Q

In what day does the blastocyst attached itself to the uterine wall?
How about when it joined the uterine wall?

A

6-7
10

67
Q

It is located on the edge of the blastocyst.

A

Embryonic desk

68
Q

What are the parts of the embryonic disk?

A

Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Amniotic sac
Placenta
Umbilical cord

69
Q

A part of the embryonic disk that becomes the outer layer of the skin, nail, teeth, hair, sensory organs and nervous system.

A

Ectoderm

70
Q

Part of the embryonic disk that becomes the digestive system, liver, pancreas, salivary glands and respiratory system.

A

Endoderm

71
Q

Part of the embryonic disk that becomes the middle layer of the skin, muscles, skeleton and excretory and circulatory system.

A

Mesoderm

72
Q

Fluid filled membrane that encases the developing embryo, protecting it and giving it room to move and grow.

A

Amniotic sac

73
Q

Allows oxygen, nourishment and wastes to pass between mother and embryo. Also helps combat infections.

A

Placenta

74
Q

It connects the placenta and the embryo.

A

Umbilical cord

75
Q

Stage of prenatal development from 2-8 weeks where the organs and major body systems develop rapidly.

A

Embryonic stage

76
Q

Natural expulsion from the uterus of an embryo that cannot survive outside the womb. Also called miscarriage.

A

Spontaneous abortion

77
Q

Stage of prenatal development from 8 weeks to birth, characterized by increased differentiation of body parts and greatly enlarged body size, fetus are also able to breath and move.

A

Fetal stage

78
Q

In what week does the fetus become able to breath and swallow?

A

12th week

79
Q

In what week does the fetus’ olfactory and taste system develop?

A

14th week

80
Q

In what week can the fetus respond to sound and vibration ?

A

26th week

81
Q

In what week does a fetus reaches a plateau?

A

32nd week

82
Q

Factors that are capable of causing birth defects.

A

Teratogenic

83
Q

How many pounds gain does a pregnant woman be able to reach to less likely have birth complication?

A

16-40 pounds gain

84
Q

What happens when a pregnant mother gains too much and does not gain enough?

A

Cesarean delivery
Growth retardation in womb, premature or very small or to die at or near birth.

85
Q

When obesity was present before pregnancy, what are the risks?

A

Birth defects, complications of pregnancy, miscarriage and difficulty of labor

86
Q

When an expectancy mother eats this, babies show more mature sleep, a sign of advanced brain development.

A

DHA (Omega 3 fatty acid)

87
Q

When an expectancy mother eat less of these, a baby can acquire anencephaly or Spina bifida.

A

Follic acid/ follate (B vitamin)

88
Q

Mother’s who had low _ late in pregnancy have a higher tendency to have a baby who will develop osteoporosis in later life

A

Low vitamin D levels

89
Q

Combination of mental, motor and development abnormalities affecting the offspring of some women who drink heavily during pregnancy.

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

90
Q

What can smoking cause babies?

A

Low birth weight (less than 5 1/2 pounds at birth)

91
Q

What can 2nd hand smoke cause?

A

Cognitive development impairment

92
Q

Use of this while pregnant can lead to miscarriage, growth retardation, stillbirth, small head circumference, colic, hyperkinetic disorder and long term respiratory, neurological, cognitive and behavioral problems.

A

Tobacco

93
Q

Marijuana may affect the _ functioning of the baby.

A

Frontal lobe

94
Q

It refers to uncontrollable, extended crying for no apparent reason of a baby.

A

Colic

95
Q

It may cause spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, birth defects and impaired neurological disorder.

A

Cocaine

96
Q

Use of this may cause fetal growth restriction.

A

Methamphetamine

97
Q

Maternal illness that is caused by parasites in animal’s bodies. It can cause a fetal brain damage, severely impaired eyesight or miscarriage.

A

Taxoplasmosis

98
Q

High glucose levels or diabetes of a mother deprive embryos from _.

A

Oxygen

99
Q

Maternal illness that if contracted before 11th week, could cause deafness and heart defects in the baby.

A

Rubella (German Measles)

100
Q

Maternal illness that develops when perinatal transmission occurs.

A

AIDS

101
Q

Moderate level of anxiety encourages _ and _ development more than those who had low levels of anxiety.

A

Motor and mental development

102
Q

_ during pregnancy has been associated with an 8 month old’s inattentiveness and preschooler’s negative emotionality or behavioral disorders in early childhood.

A

Self reported anxiety

103
Q

Women who have this age have 90% miscarriage risk.

A

45 and above

104
Q

Mothers this age tend to have premature or underweight babies.

A

Adolescent mothers

105
Q

Men who do this have an increased likelihood of transmitting genetic abnormalities.

A

Smoke

106
Q

These fathers may be a significant source of birth defects including dwarfism, schizophrenia and autism.

A

Older fathers

107
Q

These fathers are more likely to have babies with low birth weight, premature birth and being small during the gestational age.

A

Teenage fathers

108
Q

Inhalation of this may cause the babies to be premature and undersize.

A

Fine combustion particles

109
Q

Exposure to this kind of work may have a twice rate of miscarriage.

A

Chemical-related work

110
Q

An environmental hazard that may cause the baby leukemia.

A

Chemically contaminated ground water or pesticides.

111
Q

An environmental hazard that may cause mental retardation and low birth weight.

A

X-rays

112
Q

_ prior to conception/high lead exposure may lead babies to have birth weight and slowed fetal growth.

A

X-ray

Developmental Psychology (11 decks)

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