Dev Psych Flashcards
The systematic study of processes of change and stability throughout the life span.
Human Development
It means coherent and organized.
Systematic
It is aimed at dealing with internal and external conditions of existence.
Adaptive
What are the 4 goals of human development?
Description
Explanation
Prediction
Intervention
What are the 3 domains of development?
Physical
Cognitive
Psychosocial
What are the periods of life span?
Pre-natal Period
Infancy & Toddlerhood
Early childhood
Middle childhood
Adolescence age
Young adulthood
Middle adulthood
Late Adulthood
Physical growth in this period is the most rapid in the life span.
Prenatal period
Attachment to parents and others begin to form at this period, as well as self-awareness and interest in others.
Infancy and Toodlerhood
The period where growth is steady and appearance becomes more slender and proportions more adult-like.
Early childhood
Period where handedness appears.
Early childhood
Intelligence becomes more predictable at this period.
Early childhood
Gender identity, self concept, self esteem, self control, initiative and independence develops in this period.
Early childhood
Altruism, aggression and fearfulness are common in this period.
Early childhood
Growth slows during this period.
Middle childhood
Health int his period is generally better than at any other time in the lifespan.
Middle childhood
The period where egocentrism diminishes and they begin to think logically but concretely.
Middle childhood
Physical growth and other changes are rapid and profound during this period.
Adolescence
Period where reproductive maturity occurs.
Adolescence
Period where physical conditions peak then declines slightly and the lifestyle choices influence health.
Young adulthood
This is where thought and moral judgments become more complex.
Young adulthood
In what period does personality traits and style become relatively stable and personality may be influenced by life stages and events.
Young adulthood
Period where intimate relationships and personal lifestyle are established but may not be lasting.
Young adulthood
Period where mental abilities peak and expertise esp in practical problem solving skills are high.
Middle adulthood
Stage where there occurs dual responsibilities.
Middle adulthood
What are the influences on development?
Individual differences
Heredity
Environment
Maturation
Inborn traits or characteristics inherited from the biological parents.
Heredity
Totality of nonhereditary, or experiential, influences on development.
Environment
Unfolding of a natural sequence of physical and behavioral changes.
Maturation
The 4 contexts of development
Family
Socioeconomic status (SES) and neighborhood
Culture and race/ethnicity
Historical context
Two kinds of family.
Nuclear
Extended
Two general kinship, economic and household of one or two parents and their biological/adopted/step children.
Nuclear
Multi-generational kinship of parents, children and relatives living together in an extended family household.
Extended
Combination of economic and social factors describing an individual or family, including income, education and occupation.
Socioeconomic status (SES)
Individuals around a person, especially non relatives.
Neighborhood
A society or group’s total way of life, including customs, traditions, beliefs, values, language and physical products-all learned behavior passed on from parents to children.
Culture
A group united by ancestry, race, religion, language and/or national origins, which contributes to a sense of shared identity.
Ethnic Group
Characteristic of an event that occurs in a similar way for most people in a group.
Normative
Significant environmental events that shape the behavior and attitudes of an age cohort.
History graded influences
What are the 2 normative influences?
Age graded influences
History graded influences
Union of sperm and ovum to produce a zygote.
Fertilization
Sex cells.
Gametes
One celled organism resulting from fertilization.
Zygote
Women usually has _ immature sex cells every after 28 days.
2 million
Twins from the division of one zygote. They have identical genes.
Monozygotic twins/Identical twins
Twins from 2 zygotes. They are genetically different.
Dizygotic twins/Fraternal twins
Chemical that carries inherited instructions for the development of all cellular forms of life.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
What are the 2 pairs of chemical units (bases)?
Thymine & Adenine
Guanine & Cytosine
About how many billion pairs are there per DNA?
3 billion
Sequence of bases within the DNA molecule; Governs the formation of proteins that determine the structure and functions of living cells.
Genetic code
Bundle of genes; all cells in the body except the gametes have 23 pairs of it.
Chromosomes
22 pairs of chromosomes that are not related to sexual expression.
Autosomes
The 23rd chromosome which determines the sex.
Sex chromosome
The ovum carries an X sex chromosome while the sperm carries _ sex chromosome.
Either X or Y
XX
XY
Female
Male
The father of Genetics who discovered the dominant and recessive inheritance
Gregor Mendell
The expression of a characteristic of a gene.
Allele
The presence of a dominant allele can make the person inherit a trait.
Dominant Inheritance
The absence of a dominant allele can make the person inherit a trait which usually cannot be seen to the parent.
Recessive Inheritance
Period of development between conception and birth.
Gestation
Age of an unborn baby, usually dated from the 1st day of an expectant mother’s last menstruation cycle.
Gestational age
Normal range of gestation.
38-42
Stage of prenatal development from fertilization to 2 weeks, where the zygote divides, becomes more complex and is implanted in the wall of the uterus.
Germinal Stage
When does the zygote enter a period of rapid cell division and duplication?
36 hours
In what day of the development does 64 cells occur?
4 days (96 hours)
A fluid filled sphere form of the divided cell. It consists of hundreds of cells.
Blastocyst
In what day does the blastocyst attached itself to the uterine wall?
How about when it joined the uterine wall?
6-7
10
It is located on the edge of the blastocyst.
Embryonic desk
What are the parts of the embryonic disk?
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Amniotic sac
Placenta
Umbilical cord
A part of the embryonic disk that becomes the outer layer of the skin, nail, teeth, hair, sensory organs and nervous system.
Ectoderm
Part of the embryonic disk that becomes the digestive system, liver, pancreas, salivary glands and respiratory system.
Endoderm
Part of the embryonic disk that becomes the middle layer of the skin, muscles, skeleton and excretory and circulatory system.
Mesoderm
Fluid filled membrane that encases the developing embryo, protecting it and giving it room to move and grow.
Amniotic sac
Allows oxygen, nourishment and wastes to pass between mother and embryo. Also helps combat infections.
Placenta
It connects the placenta and the embryo.
Umbilical cord
Stage of prenatal development from 2-8 weeks where the organs and major body systems develop rapidly.
Embryonic stage
Natural expulsion from the uterus of an embryo that cannot survive outside the womb. Also called miscarriage.
Spontaneous abortion
Stage of prenatal development from 8 weeks to birth, characterized by increased differentiation of body parts and greatly enlarged body size, fetus are also able to breath and move.
Fetal stage
In what week does the fetus become able to breath and swallow?
12th week
In what week does the fetus’ olfactory and taste system develop?
14th week
In what week can the fetus respond to sound and vibration ?
26th week
In what week does a fetus reaches a plateau?
32nd week
Factors that are capable of causing birth defects.
Teratogenic
How many pounds gain does a pregnant woman be able to reach to less likely have birth complication?
16-40 pounds gain
What happens when a pregnant mother gains too much and does not gain enough?
Cesarean delivery
Growth retardation in womb, premature or very small or to die at or near birth.
When obesity was present before pregnancy, what are the risks?
Birth defects, complications of pregnancy, miscarriage and difficulty of labor
When an expectancy mother eats this, babies show more mature sleep, a sign of advanced brain development.
DHA (Omega 3 fatty acid)
When an expectancy mother eat less of these, a baby can acquire anencephaly or Spina bifida.
Follic acid/ follate (B vitamin)
Mother’s who had low _ late in pregnancy have a higher tendency to have a baby who will develop osteoporosis in later life
Low vitamin D levels
Combination of mental, motor and development abnormalities affecting the offspring of some women who drink heavily during pregnancy.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
What can smoking cause babies?
Low birth weight (less than 5 1/2 pounds at birth)
What can 2nd hand smoke cause?
Cognitive development impairment
Use of this while pregnant can lead to miscarriage, growth retardation, stillbirth, small head circumference, colic, hyperkinetic disorder and long term respiratory, neurological, cognitive and behavioral problems.
Tobacco
Marijuana may affect the _ functioning of the baby.
Frontal lobe
It refers to uncontrollable, extended crying for no apparent reason of a baby.
Colic
It may cause spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, birth defects and impaired neurological disorder.
Cocaine
Use of this may cause fetal growth restriction.
Methamphetamine
Maternal illness that is caused by parasites in animal’s bodies. It can cause a fetal brain damage, severely impaired eyesight or miscarriage.
Taxoplasmosis
High glucose levels or diabetes of a mother deprive embryos from _.
Oxygen
Maternal illness that if contracted before 11th week, could cause deafness and heart defects in the baby.
Rubella (German Measles)
Maternal illness that develops when perinatal transmission occurs.
AIDS
Moderate level of anxiety encourages _ and _ development more than those who had low levels of anxiety.
Motor and mental development
_ during pregnancy has been associated with an 8 month old’s inattentiveness and preschooler’s negative emotionality or behavioral disorders in early childhood.
Self reported anxiety
Women who have this age have 90% miscarriage risk.
45 and above
Mothers this age tend to have premature or underweight babies.
Adolescent mothers
Men who do this have an increased likelihood of transmitting genetic abnormalities.
Smoke
These fathers may be a significant source of birth defects including dwarfism, schizophrenia and autism.
Older fathers
These fathers are more likely to have babies with low birth weight, premature birth and being small during the gestational age.
Teenage fathers
Inhalation of this may cause the babies to be premature and undersize.
Fine combustion particles
Exposure to this kind of work may have a twice rate of miscarriage.
Chemical-related work
An environmental hazard that may cause the baby leukemia.
Chemically contaminated ground water or pesticides.
An environmental hazard that may cause mental retardation and low birth weight.
X-rays
_ prior to conception/high lead exposure may lead babies to have birth weight and slowed fetal growth.
X-ray
