Dev Psych Flashcards
1
Q
The systematic study of processes of change and stability throughout the life span.
A
Human Development
2
Q
It means coherent and organized.
A
Systematic
3
Q
It is aimed at dealing with internal and external conditions of existence.
A
Adaptive
4
Q
What are the 4 goals of human development?
A
Description
Explanation
Prediction
Intervention
5
Q
What are the 3 domains of development?
A
Physical
Cognitive
Psychosocial
6
Q
What are the periods of life span?
A
Pre-natal Period
Infancy & Toddlerhood
Early childhood
Middle childhood
Adolescence age
Young adulthood
Middle adulthood
Late Adulthood
7
Q
Physical growth in this period is the most rapid in the life span.
A
Prenatal period
8
Q
Attachment to parents and others begin to form at this period, as well as self-awareness and interest in others.
A
Infancy and Toodlerhood
9
Q
The period where growth is steady and appearance becomes more slender and proportions more adult-like.
A
Early childhood
10
Q
Period where handedness appears.
A
Early childhood
11
Q
Intelligence becomes more predictable at this period.
A
Early childhood
12
Q
Gender identity, self concept, self esteem, self control, initiative and independence develops in this period.
A
Early childhood
13
Q
Altruism, aggression and fearfulness are common in this period.
A
Early childhood
14
Q
Growth slows during this period.
A
Middle childhood
15
Q
Health int his period is generally better than at any other time in the lifespan.
A
Middle childhood
16
Q
The period where egocentrism diminishes and they begin to think logically but concretely.
A
Middle childhood
17
Q
Physical growth and other changes are rapid and profound during this period.
A
Adolescence
18
Q
Period where reproductive maturity occurs.
A
Adolescence
19
Q
Period where physical conditions peak then declines slightly and the lifestyle choices influence health.
A
Young adulthood
20
Q
This is where thought and moral judgments become more complex.
A
Young adulthood
21
Q
In what period does personality traits and style become relatively stable and personality may be influenced by life stages and events.
A
Young adulthood
22
Q
Period where intimate relationships and personal lifestyle are established but may not be lasting.
A
Young adulthood
23
Q
Period where mental abilities peak and expertise esp in practical problem solving skills are high.
A
Middle adulthood
24
Q
Stage where there occurs dual responsibilities.
A
Middle adulthood
25
What are the influences on development?
Individual differences
Heredity
Environment
Maturation
26
Inborn traits or characteristics inherited from the biological parents.
Heredity
27
Totality of nonhereditary, or experiential, influences on development.
Environment
28
Unfolding of a natural sequence of physical and behavioral changes.
Maturation
29
The 4 contexts of development
Family
Socioeconomic status (SES) and neighborhood
Culture and race/ethnicity
Historical context
30
Two kinds of family.
Nuclear
Extended
31
Two general kinship, economic and household of one or two parents and their biological/adopted/step children.
Nuclear
32
Multi-generational kinship of parents, children and relatives living together in an extended family household.
Extended
33
Combination of economic and social factors describing an individual or family, including income, education and occupation.
Socioeconomic status (SES)
34
Individuals around a person, especially non relatives.
Neighborhood
35
A society or group's total way of life, including customs, traditions, beliefs, values, language and physical products-all learned behavior passed on from parents to children.
Culture
36
A group united by ancestry, race, religion, language and/or national origins, which contributes to a sense of shared identity.
Ethnic Group
37
Characteristic of an event that occurs in a similar way for most people in a group.
Normative
38
Significant environmental events that shape the behavior and attitudes of an age cohort.
History graded influences
39
What are the 2 normative influences?
Age graded influences
History graded influences
40
Union of sperm and ovum to produce a zygote.
Fertilization
41
Sex cells.
Gametes
42
One celled organism resulting from fertilization.
Zygote
43
Women usually has _ immature sex cells every after 28 days.
2 million
44
Twins from the division of one zygote. They have identical genes.
Monozygotic twins/Identical twins
45
Twins from 2 zygotes. They are genetically different.
Dizygotic twins/Fraternal twins
46
Chemical that carries inherited instructions for the development of all cellular forms of life.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
47
What are the 2 pairs of chemical units (bases)?
Thymine & Adenine
Guanine & Cytosine
48
About how many billion pairs are there per DNA?
3 billion
49
Sequence of bases within the DNA molecule; Governs the formation of proteins that determine the structure and functions of living cells.
Genetic code
50
Bundle of genes; all cells in the body except the gametes have 23 pairs of it.
Chromosomes
51
22 pairs of chromosomes that are not related to sexual expression.
Autosomes
52
The 23rd chromosome which determines the sex.
Sex chromosome
53
The ovum carries an X sex chromosome while the sperm carries _ sex chromosome.
Either X or Y
54
XX
XY
Female
Male
55
The father of Genetics who discovered the dominant and recessive inheritance
Gregor Mendell
56
The expression of a characteristic of a gene.
Allele
57
The presence of a dominant allele can make the person inherit a trait.
Dominant Inheritance
58
The absence of a dominant allele can make the person inherit a trait which usually cannot be seen to the parent.
Recessive Inheritance
59
Period of development between conception and birth.
Gestation
60
Age of an unborn baby, usually dated from the 1st day of an expectant mother's last menstruation cycle.
Gestational age
61
Normal range of gestation.
38-42
62
Stage of prenatal development from fertilization to 2 weeks, where the zygote divides, becomes more complex and is implanted in the wall of the uterus.
Germinal Stage
63
When does the zygote enter a period of rapid cell division and duplication?
36 hours
64
In what day of the development does 64 cells occur?
4 days (96 hours)
65
A fluid filled sphere form of the divided cell. It consists of hundreds of cells.
Blastocyst
66
In what day does the blastocyst attached itself to the uterine wall?
How about when it joined the uterine wall?
6-7
10
67
It is located on the edge of the blastocyst.
Embryonic desk
68
What are the parts of the embryonic disk?
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Amniotic sac
Placenta
Umbilical cord
69
A part of the embryonic disk that becomes the outer layer of the skin, nail, teeth, hair, sensory organs and nervous system.
Ectoderm
70
Part of the embryonic disk that becomes the digestive system, liver, pancreas, salivary glands and respiratory system.
Endoderm
71
Part of the embryonic disk that becomes the middle layer of the skin, muscles, skeleton and excretory and circulatory system.
Mesoderm
72
Fluid filled membrane that encases the developing embryo, protecting it and giving it room to move and grow.
Amniotic sac
73
Allows oxygen, nourishment and wastes to pass between mother and embryo. Also helps combat infections.
Placenta
74
It connects the placenta and the embryo.
Umbilical cord
75
Stage of prenatal development from 2-8 weeks where the organs and major body systems develop rapidly.
Embryonic stage
76
Natural expulsion from the uterus of an embryo that cannot survive outside the womb. Also called miscarriage.
Spontaneous abortion
77
Stage of prenatal development from 8 weeks to birth, characterized by increased differentiation of body parts and greatly enlarged body size, fetus are also able to breath and move.
Fetal stage
78
In what week does the fetus become able to breath and swallow?
12th week
79
In what week does the fetus' olfactory and taste system develop?
14th week
80
In what week can the fetus respond to sound and vibration ?
26th week
81
In what week does a fetus reaches a plateau?
32nd week
82
Factors that are capable of causing birth defects.
Teratogenic
83
How many pounds gain does a pregnant woman be able to reach to less likely have birth complication?
16-40 pounds gain
84
What happens when a pregnant mother gains too much and does not gain enough?
Cesarean delivery
Growth retardation in womb, premature or very small or to die at or near birth.
85
When obesity was present before pregnancy, what are the risks?
Birth defects, complications of pregnancy, miscarriage and difficulty of labor
86
When an expectancy mother eats this, babies show more mature sleep, a sign of advanced brain development.
DHA (Omega 3 fatty acid)
87
When an expectancy mother eat less of these, a baby can acquire anencephaly or Spina bifida.
Follic acid/ follate (B vitamin)
88
Mother's who had low _ late in pregnancy have a higher tendency to have a baby who will develop osteoporosis in later life
Low vitamin D levels
89
Combination of mental, motor and development abnormalities affecting the offspring of some women who drink heavily during pregnancy.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
90
What can smoking cause babies?
Low birth weight (less than 5 1/2 pounds at birth)
91
What can 2nd hand smoke cause?
Cognitive development impairment
92
Use of this while pregnant can lead to miscarriage, growth retardation, stillbirth, small head circumference, colic, hyperkinetic disorder and long term respiratory, neurological, cognitive and behavioral problems.
Tobacco
93
Marijuana may affect the _ functioning of the baby.
Frontal lobe
94
It refers to uncontrollable, extended crying for no apparent reason of a baby.
Colic
95
It may cause spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, birth defects and impaired neurological disorder.
Cocaine
96
Use of this may cause fetal growth restriction.
Methamphetamine
97
Maternal illness that is caused by parasites in animal's bodies. It can cause a fetal brain damage, severely impaired eyesight or miscarriage.
Taxoplasmosis
98
High glucose levels or diabetes of a mother deprive embryos from _.
Oxygen
99
Maternal illness that if contracted before 11th week, could cause deafness and heart defects in the baby.
Rubella (German Measles)
100
Maternal illness that develops when perinatal transmission occurs.
AIDS
101
Moderate level of anxiety encourages _ and _ development more than those who had low levels of anxiety.
Motor and mental development
102
_ during pregnancy has been associated with an 8 month old's inattentiveness and preschooler's negative emotionality or behavioral disorders in early childhood.
Self reported anxiety
103
Women who have this age have 90% miscarriage risk.
45 and above
104
Mothers this age tend to have premature or underweight babies.
Adolescent mothers
105
Men who do this have an increased likelihood of transmitting genetic abnormalities.
Smoke
106
These fathers may be a significant source of birth defects including dwarfism, schizophrenia and autism.
Older fathers
107
These fathers are more likely to have babies with low birth weight, premature birth and being small during the gestational age.
Teenage fathers
108
Inhalation of this may cause the babies to be premature and undersize.
Fine combustion particles
109
Exposure to this kind of work may have a twice rate of miscarriage.
Chemical-related work
110
An environmental hazard that may cause the baby leukemia.
Chemically contaminated ground water or pesticides.
111
An environmental hazard that may cause mental retardation and low birth weight.
X-rays
112
_ prior to conception/high lead exposure may lead babies to have birth weight and slowed fetal growth.
X-ray
