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Developmental Psychology > Adolescence > Flashcards

Adolescence Flashcards

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1
Q

How are children considered adults in preindustrial societies?

A

Matured physically

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2
Q

It signals the end of childhood.

A

Puberty

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3
Q

The biological changes of puberty includes rapid growth in height and weight, changes in body proportions and form and attainment of _ maturity.

A

Sexual maturity

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4
Q

The 2 stages where the heightened production of sex-related hormones take place.

A

Adrenarche
Gonadarche

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5
Q

Adrenarche is maturing of _?

A

Adrenal glands

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6
Q

It is the maturing of the sex organs.

A

Gonadarche

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7
Q

Sometime around age 7 or 8, the adrenal glands secrete gradually increasing levels of androgens, principally _.

A

Dehydreopiandrosterone (DHEA)

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8
Q

DHEA plays a part in the growth of __, __, __ hair, as well as in faster body growth, oilier skin and the developed body odor.

A

Pubic, auxillary (armpit), facial hair

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9
Q

By age 10, levels of DHEA are _ times than they were between ages 1 & 4.

A

10x

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10
Q

The precise time when rush of hormonal activity begins seems to depend on reading a critical amount of __ necessary for successful reproduction.

A

Body fat

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11
Q

Girls with a higher percentage of body fat in early childhood and those who experience unusual weight gain between ages __ tend to show earlier pubertal development.

A

5 & 9

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12
Q

Organs directly related to reproduction, which enlarge and mature during adolescence.

A

Primary sex characteristics

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13
Q

Physiological signs of sexual maturation that do not involve the sex organs.

A

Secondary sex characteristics

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14
Q

The first external signs of puberty in girls and in boys.

A

Girls- breast tissue and pubic hair
Boys- enlargement of testes

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15
Q

As girl’s nipples englarfe and protrude, the __ or the pigmented areas surrounding the nipples englarfe and breast assume first a __ and then a rounded shape.

A

Areolae
Conical

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16
Q

Temporary breast enlargement for adolescent boys is normal and may last up to __ months.

A

18 mos.

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17
Q

What do you call a rapid increase in height, weight and muscle bone growth that occurs during puberty?

A

Adolescent growth spurt

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18
Q

The adolescent growth spurt generally begins in girls between ages __ and in boys between __.

A

Girls: 9 1/2 and 14 1/2 (usually 10)
Boys: 10 1/2 and 16 (usually 12 or 13)

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19
Q

Adolescent growth spurt usually lasts about __ years, where they reach sexual maturity.

A

2 years

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20
Q

Girls between ages _ tend to be taller, heavier, stronger than boys the same age.

A

11 and 13

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21
Q

What’s the age where girls and boys typically reach full height?

A

Girls- 15
Boys- 17

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22
Q

A girl’s __ widens to make childbearing easier.

A

Pelvis

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23
Q

Fat accumulates twice as rapidly in what gender in adolescence?

A

Girls

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24
Q

The maturation of the reproductive organs bring the beginning of __ for girls and __ in boys.

A

Menstruation- girls
Production of sperm- boys

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25
Q

What do you call the first ejaculation that occurs at an average age of 13?

A

Spermarche

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26
Q

Involuntary ejaculation of semen

A

Nocturnal emission

27
Q

A monthly shedding of tissue from the lining of the womb. The principal sign of sexual maturity in girls.

A

Menstruation

28
Q

The first menstruation, normal timing vary from age 10 to 16.

A

Menarche

29
Q

Risk taking of adolescent appears to result from interaction of 2 brain networks which are?

A

Socioemotional network
Cognitive-control network

30
Q

A brain network that is sensitive to social and emotional stimuli such as peer influence that becomes more active at puberty.

A

Socioemotional network

31
Q

The brain network that regulates responses to stimuli which matures more gradually into early adulthood.

A

Cognitive-control network

32
Q

Early adolescents (ages 11-13) tended to use __, a small, almond shape structure deep in the temporal lobe that is heavily involved in emotional and instinctual reactions.

A

Amygdala

33
Q

Older adolescents (ages 14-17) showed more adult-like patterns, using __, which handle planning, reasoning, judgment, emotional regulation, and impulse control.

A

Frontal lobe

34
Q

Descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one’s appearance.

A

Body image

35
Q

Girl’s dissatisfaction with their bodies increases during _ to _.

A

Early to mid-adolescence

36
Q

Eating disorder characterized by self starvation.

A

Anorexia Nervosa

37
Q

Eating disorder; Regularly eats huge quantities of food, and then purges the body by laxatives, induced vomiting, fasting or excessive exercise.

A

Bulimia Nervosa

38
Q

Piaget’s final stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to think abstractly; They can better appreciate metaphor and allegory and thus can find richer meanings in literature and form hypothesis.

A

Formal Operations Stage

39
Q

Accompany the stage of formal operations to develop and test hypotheses.

A

Hypothetical- deductive reasoning

40
Q

Changes in the way adolescents process information reflect the maturation of the brain’s _.

A

Frontal lobe

41
Q

Changes in working memory capacity. There’s an increasing amount of knowledge stored in the long term memory.

A

Structural Changes

42
Q

Acquired factual knowledge stored in the long term memory.

A

Declarative knowledge

43
Q

Acquired skills stores in long term memory.

A

Procedural knowledge

44
Q

Acquired interpretive understandings stored in long term memory.

A

Conceptual knowledge

45
Q

Processes for obtaining, handling and retaining information or the _ aspects of cognition.

A

Functional aspects

46
Q

Learning, remembering and reasoning improve during adolescence. These changes include a continued increase in processing speed, further development of executive function.

A

Functional Changes

47
Q

What is the function that include such skills as selective attention, decision making, inhibitory control of impulsive responses and management of working memory.

A

Executive function

48
Q

Marcia’s term for stages of ego development that depend on the presence or absence of crisis and commitment.

A

Identity statuses

49
Q

A period of unconscious decision making and commitment as a personal investment in an occupation or system of beliefs (ideology).

A

Crisis

50
Q

Characterized by commitment to choices made following a crisis, a period spent in exploring alternatives.

A

Identity achievement

51
Q

A person who has not spent time considering alternatives (has not been in crisis) is committed to other people’s plans for his or her life.

A

Foreclosure

52
Q

A person is currently considering alternatives (in crisis) and seems headed for commitment.

A

Moratorium

53
Q

Characterized by the absence of commitment and lack of serious consideration of alternatives.

A

Identity diffusion

54
Q

Seeing oneself as a sexual being, recognizing one’s sexual orientation,sex coming to terms with sexual strings and forming romantic or sexual attachment.

A

Sexual Identity

55
Q

Focus on consistent sexual, romantic and affectionate interest, either heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual.

A

Sexual Orientation

56
Q

Pattern of emotional turmoil, characteristic of a minority of adolescents, which may involve conflict with family, alienation from adult society, reckless behavior and rejection of adult values.

A

Adolescent rebellion

57
Q

Conflict with __ tends to be greatest during early adolescents.

A

Parents

58
Q

The kind of parenting that is associated with the most positive outcomes.

A

Authoritative parenting

59
Q

Relationships with siblings tend to become more __ during adolescence.

A

Distant

60
Q

The influence of __ is strongest in early adolescents.

A

Peer group

61
Q

Major health risks arise from _ issues.

A

Behavioral issues

62
Q

What is the cognitive development for this period?

A

Abstract thinking and scientific reasoning

63
Q

The Psychosocial center of this period.

A

Search for identity

64
Q

Ages for this period.

A

Age 11-20

Developmental Psychology (11 decks)

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