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Psyc1030 > Infancy > Flashcards

Infancy Flashcards

0
Q

Name the 5 key newborn reflexes

A 
Moro (startle)
Grasping
Rooting
Sucking
Stepping
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1
Q

Define critical period

A

Limited time in development when a particular stimulus has a profound effect on the organism. The same stimulus has little effect before or after the critical period

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2
Q

What are the 3 different types of temperament?

A

Easy
Difficult
Slow to warm

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3
Q

Experimental techniques rely on infants innate abilities. Name 3 key focus areas

A

Reflexes
Habituation (decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations)
Surprise (looking longer at unexpected than expected events)

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4
Q

Babies prefer their maternal language. True or false?

A

True

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5
Q

Preferential looking technique. Babies look at visual displays. What do they prefer?

A

Human faces

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6
Q

Babies distinguish male from female faces?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Babies expect objects to obey the laws of gravity. True or false?

A

True

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8
Q

Name the five senses with small info on infant babies

A

Vision (20/500 acuity at birth, 20cm fixed focus at birth, adult vision by 8 months)
Taste (prefer sweet)
Touch (skin to skin contact important)
Smell (in one month babies recognise mums smell)
Hearing (listening preferences at birth, sound localisation at birth)

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9
Q

Babies brains double in size in the first two years of life. True or false?

A

True

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10
Q

Konrad lorenz’s studies of imprinting on geese. Infant/parent bond not based on ?

A

Food

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11
Q

What was harlow & harlow’s research?

A

Infant rhesus monkeys raised in isolation. Isolates preferred comforting mum (cloth mum). Isolates without soft mum showed bizarre behaviour (aggressive, loners, socially incompetent)

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12
Q

Attachment theory. John bowlby. Baby loves its mother because she provides security.

A

True

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13
Q

What are the 3 attachment classifications?

A 
A= anxious avoidant (infant tends to ignore mum)
B= secure (baby uses mum as secure base)
C= anxious ambivalent (infants cant cope in strange situation)
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14
Q

Critical period hypothesis is?

A

Bowlby: non-attachment in early years causes lifelong psychological malfunction
There is a critical period for attachment

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15
Q

Sounds: babies can hear all phonetic distinctions (how the word sounds)
Prefer high pitch

A

True

16
Q

Young babies produce all phonetic distinctions through?

A

Babbling

17
Q

What is whole object assumption?

A

Babies assume that names refer to whole objects

18
Q

Joint attention refers to?

A

Infants/toddlers watch to see what people are attending to as they speak

19
Q

Define overextension

A

Grouping lots of similar objects under the one label (moon is everything white and round)

20
Q

Define underextension

A

Not recognising that one particular object is part of a group (dog is only at home (pet), doesn’t understand others in parks are dogs too)

21
Q

What age do toddlers learn a lot of words?

A

18 months or after 50-75 words are acquired they will then start to learn an average of 9 words per day till age 6

22
Q

Is there a critical period for language acquisition? If so when is it?

A

Yes must be acquired by age 7

23
Q

Define syntax

A

The pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language

24
Q

What is telegraphic speech?

A

Compressed simple speech (eg want teddy)

25
Q

Define assimilation

A

Taking it into (eg someone from overseas moving to australia and acting more Australian)

26
Q

Define accommodation

A

Changing in response to your environment

27
Q

What are Piagets cognitive developmental stages (there are 4)

A

Sensorimotor (birth-2years)
Preoperational (2-7years)
Concrete operational (7-11years)
Formal operational (adolescence-adulthood)

28
Q

Explain the keys concepts of the sensorimotor stage

A

Infant explores world through senses
Object performance develops
Child completely egocentric

29
Q

Explain key concepts of the preoperational stage

A

Symbolic thought develops
Object permanence established
Cannot co ordinate different views of an object or perspectives

30
Q

Explain key concepts of the concrete operational stage

A

Can Apply logic to concrete situations
Understanding of conservation develops
Reversible mental operations

31
Q

Name key characteristics of the formal operational stage

A

Can apply logic more abstractly, hypothetical thinking develops

Psyc1030 (9 decks)

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