Infancy Flashcards

1
Q

What is Erickson’s Trust vs. Mistrust?

A

Allows for development of relationships with others

Warm, responsive care leads to sense of trust

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2
Q

Erickson’s Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

A

Improved mental and motor skills allow for choice

Parental permission for reasonable choice without the use of shame

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3
Q

Erickson’s Initiative vs. Guilt

A

3-6

Make believe play

Ambition and responsibility

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4
Q

Industry vs. Inferiority

A

6-11

School, work and evaluation

Peer relations and cooperation

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5
Q

Identity vs Identity Diffusion

A

Adolesence

Who am I?

Self-chosen values and goals

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6
Q

Intimacy vs. Isolation

A

Young adulthood

Establishment of intimate ties to others

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7
Q

Generativity vs. Stagnation

A

Middle Adulthood

Giving to the nex generation through caring for children, productive work

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8
Q

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

A

Old age

Relfection on life and worth

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9
Q

What did Piaget focus on?

A

Theory of cognitive development

Cognition changes quantitatively and qualitatively

Children create schemas – way of organizing things in metnal representations

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10
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Adds information to current schemas

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11
Q

What is accommodation?

A

Change schema to add information that previously did not fit

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12
Q

Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage

A

Birth-2

Acquire schemas by acting on world and experiencing things with senses

Start by repeating chance behaviors

By 8-12 months, infants can make intentional behaviors

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13
Q

Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

A

2-7

Begin to use symbols to represent earlier discoveries

Make-believe play

Development of language

Thinking lacks logic –Animism, Egocentrism

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14
Q

Piaget’s Concrete Operational thought

A

7-11

Reasoning beomes logical

Conservation

Organize into classes, hierarchies

Not yet abstract, still need direct experience with the world

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15
Q

Piaget’s Formal Operational Thought

A

11 years on

Reason with symbols that don’t have to have meaning in and of themselves i.e. algebra

Can think of multiple solutions to the same problem

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16
Q

Infant Temprament

A

Infants born with certain characteristics

Activity level, attention, self-regulation etc.

17
Q

What is goodness of fit?

A

The parent-child interactions

E.g. laid back parent, and high-maintenance child

18
Q

What reflexes are infants born with?

A

Some form basis of later motor skills

Survival value

Rooting, Moro

19
Q

How much to babies sleep?

A

Typically between 16-18 hours a day

Sleep cycles become more organized as development occurs

REM sleep important for CNS

20
Q

How is an infant’s sense of touch?

A

Most well developed at birth

21
Q

How is an infant’s sense of taste?

A

Sweet, sour and bitter are distinguishable at birth

Salty comes later

22
Q

How is an infant’s sense of smell?

A

Certain odors are preferred

Can distinguish mother’s milk

23
Q

Sense of balance?

A

Postural control improves over the first year

Ability to use variety of sources of information
–proprioceptive, vestibular, optical flow

24
Q

Infant’s sense of hearing?

A

Well developed at birth

Prefer complex vs. pure tones

4-7 months, sense of musical and speech phrasing

Prefer mom to other women, native to foreign language

25
Sense of Vision?
Least mature sense Limited visual acuity, eye movements are slow and inaccurate 20/20 by 6 months Color perception stable by about 4-5 months
26
Describe infants social capabilities
Newborns can imitate facial expressions Social smile by 1-2 months Intentional laughing at 3-4 months Increased smile for familiar people at 6 months
27
When do infants develop different smiles?
10-12 months
28
When should an infant be able to turn over, transfer items from hand to hand?
4 months
29
When can an infant sit without support?
6-7 months
30
When does teething occur?
6-8 months
31
When does fear of strangers, crawling occur?
8-12 months
32
When does an infant have their first words, start walking?
12-15 months
33
What are the phases of attachment?
Pre-attachment - Birth to 6 weeks Attachment in the making - 6 weeks to 6-8 months Clear cut attachment - 6-8 months to 18 months - 2 years Formation of reciprocal relationship - 2 years on
34
What is secure attachment?
Parent is a secure base that child can use to explore form
35
What is avoidant attachment?
Child is unresponsive to parent and is usually not distressed
36
What is resistant attachment?
Child seeks closeness, fails to explore, may appear mad or upset
37
What is Disorganized/Disoriented attachment?
Child shows the greatest insecurity, may appear confused, dazed, flat, odd postures