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SFI Test 1 > Infancy > Flashcards

Infancy Flashcards

1
Q

What is Erickson’s Trust vs. Mistrust?

A

Allows for development of relationships with others

Warm, responsive care leads to sense of trust

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2
Q

Erickson’s Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

A

Improved mental and motor skills allow for choice

Parental permission for reasonable choice without the use of shame

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3
Q

Erickson’s Initiative vs. Guilt

A

3-6

Make believe play

Ambition and responsibility

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4
Q

Industry vs. Inferiority

A

6-11

School, work and evaluation

Peer relations and cooperation

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5
Q

Identity vs Identity Diffusion

A

Adolesence

Who am I?

Self-chosen values and goals

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6
Q

Intimacy vs. Isolation

A

Young adulthood

Establishment of intimate ties to others

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7
Q

Generativity vs. Stagnation

A

Middle Adulthood

Giving to the nex generation through caring for children, productive work

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8
Q

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

A

Old age

Relfection on life and worth

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9
Q

What did Piaget focus on?

A

Theory of cognitive development

Cognition changes quantitatively and qualitatively

Children create schemas – way of organizing things in metnal representations

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10
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Adds information to current schemas

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11
Q

What is accommodation?

A

Change schema to add information that previously did not fit

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12
Q

Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage

A

Birth-2

Acquire schemas by acting on world and experiencing things with senses

Start by repeating chance behaviors

By 8-12 months, infants can make intentional behaviors

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13
Q

Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

A

2-7

Begin to use symbols to represent earlier discoveries

Make-believe play

Development of language

Thinking lacks logic –Animism, Egocentrism

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14
Q

Piaget’s Concrete Operational thought

A

7-11

Reasoning beomes logical

Conservation

Organize into classes, hierarchies

Not yet abstract, still need direct experience with the world

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15
Q

Piaget’s Formal Operational Thought

A

11 years on

Reason with symbols that don’t have to have meaning in and of themselves i.e. algebra

Can think of multiple solutions to the same problem

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16
Q

Infant Temprament

A

Infants born with certain characteristics

Activity level, attention, self-regulation etc.

17
Q

What is goodness of fit?

A

The parent-child interactions

E.g. laid back parent, and high-maintenance child

18
Q

What reflexes are infants born with?

A

Some form basis of later motor skills

Survival value

Rooting, Moro

19
Q

How much to babies sleep?

A

Typically between 16-18 hours a day

Sleep cycles become more organized as development occurs

REM sleep important for CNS

20
Q

How is an infant’s sense of touch?

A

Most well developed at birth

21
Q

How is an infant’s sense of taste?

A

Sweet, sour and bitter are distinguishable at birth

Salty comes later

22
Q

How is an infant’s sense of smell?

A

Certain odors are preferred

Can distinguish mother’s milk

23
Q

Sense of balance?

A

Postural control improves over the first year

Ability to use variety of sources of information
–proprioceptive, vestibular, optical flow

24
Q

Infant’s sense of hearing?

A

Well developed at birth

Prefer complex vs. pure tones

4-7 months, sense of musical and speech phrasing

Prefer mom to other women, native to foreign language

25
Q

Sense of Vision?

A

Least mature sense

Limited visual acuity, eye movements are slow and inaccurate

20/20 by 6 months

Color perception stable by about 4-5 months

26
Q

Describe infants social capabilities

A

Newborns can imitate facial expressions

Social smile by 1-2 months

Intentional laughing at 3-4 months

Increased smile for familiar people at 6 months

27
Q

When do infants develop different smiles?

A

10-12 months

28
Q

When should an infant be able to turn over, transfer items from hand to hand?

A

4 months

29
Q

When can an infant sit without support?

A

6-7 months

30
Q

When does teething occur?

A

6-8 months

31
Q

When does fear of strangers, crawling occur?

A

8-12 months

32
Q

When does an infant have their first words, start walking?

A

12-15 months

33
Q

What are the phases of attachment?

A

Pre-attachment - Birth to 6 weeks

Attachment in the making - 6 weeks to 6-8 months

Clear cut attachment - 6-8 months to 18 months - 2 years

Formation of reciprocal relationship - 2 years on

34
Q

What is secure attachment?

A

Parent is a secure base that child can use to explore form

35
Q

What is avoidant attachment?

A

Child is unresponsive to parent and is usually not distressed

36
Q

What is resistant attachment?

A

Child seeks closeness, fails to explore, may appear mad or upset

37
Q

What is Disorganized/Disoriented attachment?

A

Child shows the greatest insecurity, may appear confused, dazed, flat, odd postures

SFI Test 1 (14 decks)

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