infancy Flashcards
1 month physical (gross motor) development
large + jerky limb movements, head falls forward when held in sitting posit., reflex stepping movements when held in standing posit.
3 months physical (gross motor) development
smoother limb movements, kicks vigorously, if placed on face will lift head and upper chest using forearms as support, sags at knees when held in standing posit.
6 months physical (gross motor) development
lifts legs + grasps feet, rolls over, sits w/ support
9 months physical (gross motor) development
sits alone, turns body, attempts crawling, pull selves up
15 months physical (gross motor) development
walks unevenly, feet wide apart + arms out for balance, bumps into furniture, crawls upstairs, kneels, stoops
18 months physical (gross motor) development
walks well, starts/stops safely, runs, pushes/pulls, walks upstairs w/ aid, creeps backwards downstairs, can carry big toy while walking
2 years physical (gross motor) development
runs safely, walks backwards pulling big toy, climbs on furniture to reach things + down again, walks up/downstairs using rail, throws small ball, sits astride large-wheeled toys + propels them forward w/ feet on ground
3 years: physical (gross motor) development
walks upstairs alone w/ alt. feet, jumps from bottom step when nearing downstairs, can move around obstacles + corners while running, sit feet crossed, ride tricycle, walk on tiptoe
4 years physical (gross motor) development
climbs ladders + trees, run on tiptoe, hop on one foot, expert tricycle rider
5 years physical (gross motor) development
runs lightly on feet, skips, dances to music, can hop on one foot, active + skillful in climbing, sliding, digging etc., thread beads first bigger than smaller
birth physical (fine motor) development
grasp at anything nearby with whole hand (palmar grasp)
4 months physical (fine motor) development
play w/ own fingers and toes
6-9 months physical (fine motor) development
hold/handle objects trying to move them from hand to hand, claps + waves, pulls toys to self
10-12 months physical (fine motor) development
starts picking up small obj. w/ index finger + thumb (pincer grasp) - but check no unsuitable items are left at reach - point at obj. of interest, push/pull wheeled toys
18 months physical (fine motor) development
uses/holds crayons clumsily (primitive grasp), controlled semi-successful attempts at self-feeding, turn book pages
3 years physical (fine motor) development
catch/throw balls, start using scissors
4 years physical (fine motor) development
develop pencil skills w/ tripod grip
how much does an infant grow in height from 0-1 years?
50 to 75cm
how much does an infant grow in weight from 0-1 years?
3 to 8kg
0-1 years cognitive development
exploring orally, early recognition of main carer, object permanence develops, feed recognition, early reasoning (this happens if I do this), understand simple instructions
1-2 years cognitive development
curiosity + investigation + interest of/in everything, loves putting things in/out containers + fitting things together, toys to mouth less often, make 2-object towers, develops complex reasoning
`2-3 years cognitive development
brief imitation play, 6-8 object towers, simple jigsaw, draw vertical/horizontal lines, match shapes/colours
3-5 years cognitive development
draw people w/ main details, detailed RP, less self-centred, complex floor play, same # of items w/ different arrangement is still same #, routine understandment
weeks old social development
recognise sight, smell, touch, sound of carer w/ gurgle/smile responses
3 months social development
“conversations” (noises + company enjoyment), wave arms + legs
6 months social development
attract attention from adults for interaction, shy w/ strangers, start to establish voices + expression, uses fingers to feed
12 months social development
drink from cup + use spoon, help w/ daily routine (e.g. lift legs for nappy), understand + obey simple commands e.g. wave bye
2 years social development
better at self-feeding, start toilet training, attempt dressing selves, play near others
3 years social development
use toilet independently, willing to share + take turns
4-5 years social development
likes being w/ other children, share well, a bit more patient, can use knife + fork, (un)dress, choose own friends
language + communication in infancy?
(non-)verbally spoken
passive vocab: understand lang. before speaking them
active vocab: develop speech sounds, say recog. words, show needs through certain body movements
pre-linguistic stage in infancy?
0-1, baby’s cry is auto-response to waking but soon used to alert parents/carers (baby’s only communication)
turn-taking: 6w+ start to coo/gurgle in “conversation”
monosyllabic babbling: repetitive sounds which develop to first word e.g. dadadada = dada
linguistic stage in infancy
mono to polysyllabic sounds: baby changes tone + pitch
after first word, uses “jargon”: words not easily recog. by others
holophrases: word used to describe more than one object belonging to group (teddy for all soft toys)
as speech develops, uses echolalia: repeating last word/sound heard
(develops) telegraphic speech: short sentences lacking connectives
ask qs, listen to longer stories, enjoy repetition + anticipation
language in environment in infancy
vocab range + grammar accuracy develops through hearing/seeing lang. in surroundings, stories/songs/rhymes are important, labelling + signs + drawing captions teach importance of lang. for communication + obtaining info, point to obj. when referring to them for children who don’t have english as mother tongue
motherese: adults adjust tone + pitch when talking to infants
3 months language
soothed by sound, 0 words, cooing/gurgling, sent. length is 0
6 months language
response to voice, 0 words, babble, sent. length is 0
1 year language
knows name + few others, 1 word, nouns, sent length is 1 word
18 months language
understands simple commands, 6-20 words, nouns, sent. length is 1 word
2 years language
understands more than they say, 50+ words, verbs + pronouns, sent. length is 1-2 words
2.5 years language
enjoys simple/familiar stories, 200+ words, pronouns + qs (what, where), sent length is 2-3 word phrases
3 years language
performs complex commands, 500-1000 words, plurals, verbs in present tense, qs (who), sent. length is 3-4 word phrases
4 years language
listens to long stories, 1000-1500 words, verbs in past tense, qs (why, where, how), sent. length is 4-5 word phrases
5 years language
developing ability to reason, 1500-2000 words, complex sent. w/ adult form of grammar
