Inequality and climate change Flashcards
What are the two types of inequality discussed in relation to climate change?
Emission inequality and damage inequality.
What are the two dimensions of emission inequality?
Emission inequality among countries and emission inequality among individuals.
How can greenhouse gas emissions be measured?
They can be measured using a territorial-based/production-based approach or a consumption-based approach.
What is the significance of consumption-based emissions?
Consumption-based emissions provide an alternative perspective by allocating fossil CO2 emissions to consumption rather than production.
What are the major flows related to production and consumption of emissions?
Flows occur from the location of emissions generation to the location of consumption of goods and services.
What are historical emissions?
Historical emissions refer to cumulative fossil CO2 emissions over a specific period, such as 1870-2018.
How have patterns of emissions changed since 1960?
Patterns of emissions have substantially changed since 1960. (Watch video for more details: https://youtu.be/AL5Hjg30b_M)
Who are the heaviest polluters in terms of per capita emissions?
The world’s richest individuals are the heaviest polluters.
What are the two dimensions of damage inequality?
Damage inequality among countries and damage inequality among individuals.
How can the damages of climate change be measured?
The damages of climate change can be measured using different methodologies, which may yield different answers.
What is Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) and why is it a problem to use it to measure inequalities in damages of climate change?
- Cost Benefit Analysis is a method that values costs and benefits according to aggregated monetary values.
- Cost Benefit Analysis assumes that a dollar has the same value for each person. This can cause that the Value of Statistical Life (VSL) of an American is considered 20 times higher than that of an indian.
What is the Value of Statistical Life (VSL)?
The Value of Statistical Life is a measure that assigns a monetary value to the extension of a person’s life.
How do severe weather shocks exacerbate inequality?
Severe weather shocks disproportionately affect poorer families due to their vulnerability and lack of economic resilience.
What is the gender impact of natural disasters in East Asia and the Pacific?
Natural disasters in the region have disproportionately affected women, leading to a higher percentage of female fatalities.
How do countries differ in terms of CO2 Emissions per capita? (flow)
Describe what a “green fund” consists of and why we need it.
- A green fund, would be financed by revenues generated from the carbon pricing mechanism.
- It could provide financial assistance to developing countries, support clean energy projects, and address adaptation and mitigation challenges associated with climate change.
- It recognizes that developing countries often face financial and technological barriers in implementing climate change mitigation and adaptation measures.
- Besides equity reasons, this policy is grounded on efficiency (value as opposed to justice, see picture)
