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U.S. History > Industry and a Changing Society > Flashcards

Industry and a Changing Society Flashcards

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1
Q

Captains of industry were also called

A

Entrepenuers, magnates, or robber barons

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2
Q

Major industrial cities

A

Chicago, St. Louis, Detroit, Cincinnati, Pittsburg, Cleveland, buffalo, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, boston

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3
Q

What years had big increases in population?

A

1880-1900

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4
Q

What changed along with the labor force?

A

Urban living grew

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5
Q

What years had the largest immigrant wave?

A

1880-1889

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6
Q

Why did income increase in 1870?

A

The war was over causing a spike as jobs were back

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7
Q

Why was the percentage of farmers less in 1900?

A

The total number of workers went up however the percent of farmers went down as more factories were open for workers

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8
Q

Why did the Chinese immigration plummet after 1882?

A

Chinese exclusion act of 1882

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9
Q

What are the three waves of immigration?

A

Colonial, old immigration(western Europe), new immigration(eastern Europe)

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10
Q

Why was there a drop in immigration from Europe in 1895?

A

Panic of 1873 in U. S. meant people were suffering and others didnt want to come

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11
Q

Henry Cabot Lodge

A

Against immigration-felt the immigrants were low and illiterate ideas were the same as factory workers-they were just taking jobs others from here could have

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12
Q

Grover Cleveland

A

Felt immigrants were stupid hence they couldn’t cause problems they just wanted to do their job and give themselves a new life
Doesn’t want them literate lest they decide to think of rebelling

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13
Q

Mark twain

A

Called 1800s the gilded age it’s “plated” only seems golden

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14
Q

Social Darwinism

A

Work hard in hopes of being one of the few to succeed/only way to survive is to work hard

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15
Q

Self made wealth

A

The few that worked hard and rose to “riches from rags”

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16
Q

Captains of industry

A 
Carnegie(Carnegie steel) 
Rockefeller(standard oil)-r. b. 
Vanderbilt(railroads)
Morgan(banking-->US Steel)
Ford(ford motor company)
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17
Q

Conspicuous consumption

A

Buying ostentatious items to show off wealth-massive homes

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18
Q

Philanthropy

A

Carnegie became philanthropist-donated half his wealth to community to better it(Carnegie hall,libraries)-encouraged others and wrote gospel if lover telling what wealthy to do

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19
Q

Others contributions to philanthropy

A

Vanderbilt made university to educate people

Rockefeller did nothing his family did invest in entertainment but not in anything to better the community

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20
Q

Machine age

A

Second Industrial Age-machines were getting bigger, factories were taking over towns

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21
Q

Factory town

A

Allowed cities to grow, machines faster and better and workers could be unskilled

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22
Q

Natural resources

A

Coal-fire
Oil-made things run
Iron-made things-Bessemer

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23
Q

Henry Bessemer

A

Converted iron to steel allowing cities to built up not out and industry took off

24
Q

Conglomerate

A

Corporation controls different companies unrelated from one another

25
Q

Horizontal integration

A

Selling similar products to different markets

26
Q

Vertical integration

A

Controls all aspects of a product-manufacturing, distribution, sell

27
Q

Rise of immigration a

A

Europeans–> Ellis island

Chinese–> angel island

28
Q

What did immigration lead to?

A

Nativist feelings-oppose anyone not native born

US wasn’t handling it well

29
Q

2 theories of immigration

A

Melting pot and salad bowl

30
Q

Urban poor

A

Immigrants forced to live in slums to be near work

31
Q

Mass transit

A

Started with horse car-bad(poop everywhere) San Francisco did cable car in 1873 and in 1878 the trolley was made

32
Q

Problems in cities

A

Tenements-overcrowded and no ventilation=disease(biggest killer was tuberculosis)
Sanitation issues
Crime-biggest- kids had nothing to do and needed money

33
Q

Political machine

A

Corrupt political group-targeted poor with bribery of a job for a vote
Leader was party boss and stayed in power for while

34
Q

Biggest party boss

A

William march tweed(boss tweed)- Tammany hall was political machine-controlled NYC until arrested-controlled 60 thousands jobs in documents

35
Q

Big corrupt cities

A

Chicago was the most in 1920s New Orleans was also big

36
Q

Social gospel

A

Spreading word by good deed

37
Q

Examples if social Gospel

A

YMCA and YWCA—> food bed shower and recreation

Salvation Army–>emergency services

38
Q

Jane Addams

A

Wanted to do more founded Hull House-settlement house- place for people to become literate and speak the language along with food bed shower and job training to learn a craft

39
Q

Comstock laws

A

Restricted prostitution, pornography, gambling, and blue label laws-meant to stop social evils

40
Q

Blue labels laws

A

Restricted sale and consumption of liquor (on Sunday)

41
Q

Assassination (1881) of pres. Garfield

A

Man was passed over for a job because of spoils system and shot Garfield because of his anger

42
Q

Pendleton civil service act

A

Civil service established-awarded govt. jobs based on merit-had to pass test=got rid of spoils system

43
Q

Sherman anti-trust act

A

To stop trusts in 1890 since Rockefeller was first billionaire for nothing–> not enforced for 10 years

44
Q

Alexander graham bell

A

Invented the telephone with Thomas Watson in 1876 which did away with the telegraph=simpler communication

45
Q

George Pullman

A

Built factory to manufacture sleepers and other railroad cars

46
Q

Interstate commerce act

A

Reesrablished the right of the fed govt. to supervise railroad activities and established interstate commerce commission-regulated trade between states

47
Q

Collective bargaining

A

Negotiation between representative of labor and management

48
Q

Knights of labor

A

1869- open to all workers didnt want to be aggressive and didnt use strikes–> too passive

49
Q

Platform if populist

A

Graduated income tax, election of US senators by popular vote, single terms for pres. and vp., secret ballot to end vote fraud, and economic reforms to produce a rise in prices

50
Q

American federation of labor (afl)

A

Wanted higher wages, shorter hours, and better safer conditions–> pushed for strikes(became popular way to demand change)

51
Q

Great railroad strike of 1877

A

First large organized group-wages were cut and workers went on strike shutting down the 50,000 miles of track use for travel and trade–> Hayes sent army to remove them

52
Q

Haymarket square riot

A

Chicago, IL1886–> people protesting someone threw bomb at police causing them to shoot-killed 7 and injured 79

53
Q

Homestead strike

A

Carnegie steel plant-PA-1892
Carnegie was in collective bargaining wasn’t going well an left–> strike=hired strikebreaker aka scabs to keep production and pinkertons for security-went violent

54
Q

Pullman boycott

A

Pullman was factory town in IL Pullman raised rent cost but not wages angering people

55
Q

Eugene Debs

A

Head of American railway union and organized boycott against Pullman-anyone in union couldn’t work or service a train with a Pullman sleeper-> stopped travel
Later becomes leader of socialist American party

56
Q

Result of Pullman boycott

A

Fed. Govt. stepped in and arrested debs and workers were force to work or be replaced

57
Q

Thomas Edison

A

System of electricity allowed worker to work longer and factories could be away from water

U.S. History (12 decks)

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