Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression

Question 1

1928 election

Answer 1

Herbert Hoover(republican food admin in WWI) vs. Al Smith(democrat Irish-catholic govenor of NY) Hoover easily won

Question 2

Long term causes from 1919-weaknesses in economy

Answer 2

many industries were failing yet they were covered by automobile consumer goods and construction, overproduction from not being told to cut back after WWI, and misdistribution of wealth, installment plan’s margin buying, banks didn’t have enough money

Question 3

Sep. 1929

Answer 3

realized stock market was unstable–> value of stock went down causing panic selling

Question 4

margin buying

Answer 4

Oct.24 1929 black thurs. first crash

Question 5

Black tuesday

Answer 5

Oct. 29 1929 stock market crashed and caused bank runs causing all to close

Question 6

Hoover’s approach to the crash

Answer 6

guarded optimism and laissez faire politician/ asked charities to help not realizing they didn’t have the money to help

Question 7

Smoot-Hawley tariff

Answer 7

tax on imported goods angering Europe who was still recovering from WWI and could not buy products

Question 8

Agricultural marketing Act

Answer 8

was to provide federal money to buy surplus goods to help farmers recover-too late

Question 9

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Answer 9

failed because corrupt leaders would not give money they received to their employees

Question 10

Demographic Changes

Answer 10

women resented for canning food and sewing their clothes while still managing household, AA and women first fired, few got married or divorced and weren’t having babies, many went to bread lines or soup kitchens (first started by Al Capone)

Question 11

migrant mother

Answer 11

depiction of depression by Dorthea Lange

Question 12

Consumption

Answer 12

people spent what they could on liquor, movies , and/or cigarettes

Question 13

Escapism

Answer 13

radio and movies-helped people to forget their problems for short amount of time

Question 14

Okies

Answer 14

moved to find better place-ended up in squatters camp later known as hoovervilles

Question 15

Dust Bowl

Answer 15

Great Plains region too dry after all the farming and could grow nothing–> had wind storms many people got dust pneumonia or moved to west coast(called Okies)

Question 16

Bonus Armies

Answer 16

WWI veterans were promised bonus in 40s but needed money quickly so they asked congress who didn’t have money led to military stepping in and starting fight(one death)

Question 17

Bonus army fight

Answer 17

broken up by General Douglas MacArthur and major Dwight Eisenhower (leaders in WWII) caused Hoover to look really bad

Question 18

20th Amendment

Answer 18

Lame Duck Amendment- moved up date of presidential inauguration

Question 19

three R’s

Answer 19

relief, recovery, reform

Question 20

Election of 1932

Answer 20

Hoover (not going to win) vs. FDR

Question 21

Congressional Elections in 1932

Answer 21

democrats claimed two-thirds of Senate and three-fourths of the House Seas–>Democratic Congress

Question 22

name for FDR’s group of advisors

Answer 22

the “Brain Trust”- made up of economists

Question 23

bank holiday

Answer 23

FDR’s prevention of more banks having money withdrawn allowed treasury officials to search the banks

Question 24

Emergency Banking Relief Act

Answer 24

authorized Treasury Department to inspect banks and help those that didn’t have money to open

Question 25

Fireside Chats

Answer 25

FDR’s radio chats about issues of public concern- personal

Question 26

First fireside chat

Answer 26

explained why people needed to support the gov’t. and banking system and return savings to the bank

Question 27

FDIC

Answer 27

established by Glass-steagall act- provided federal insurance for individual bank accounts up to $5000

Question 28

Agricultural Adjustment Act

Answer 28

sought to raise crops by lowering production–> declared unconstitutional

Question 29

Tennessee Valley Authority

Answer 29

renovated dams and constructed 20 new ones–> created thousands of jobs and caused money to circulate in multiple states also allowed for levees to control water- hydroelectricity

Question 30

Civilian Conservation Corps

Answer 30

put young men ages 18-25 to work and sent 90% paycheck to family- money circulating

Question 31

National Industrial Recovery Act

Answer 31

provided states with money to create jobs especially community buildings- gave workers minimum wage and created max work week-44 hours

Question 32

Wagner Act

Answer 32

brought NIRA back after declared unconstitutional

Question 33

National Recovery Administration

Answer 33

aim wasto promote recovery by interrupting the trend of wage cuts and layoffs by setting prices of products and establishing standards

Question 34

Federal Emergency Relief Administation

Answer 34

funded to provide direct relief for the needy and help them survive day to day

Question 35

Court Packing Scheme

Answer 35

FDR tried to reorganize federal judiciary and allow him to appoint new justices but seen as power grab and looked bad

Question 36

Father Charles Coughlin

Answer 36

broadcasted radio sermons about economic, political, and religious ideas had socialist agenda but disliked because of racism towards Jews

Question 37

Dr. Francis Townsend

Answer 37

health officer felt FDR wasn’t helping poor enough wanted Old Age Pension Plan

Question 38

Huey Long

Answer 38

Senator of Louisiana turned against FDR- wanted presidency and proposed Share-Our-Wealth promised everyone something-shot and killed

Question 39

Election of 1936

Answer 39

workers minorities and underprivileged supported FDR

Question 40

ways womens roles changed during FDR’s presidency

Answer 40

new status in gov’t. and drew other reform-minded women into New Deal gov’t. jobs

Question 41

CIO

Answer 41

Congress of Industrial Organizations-formed unions among mass-production workers and welcomed minorities