Industry Flashcards
Regarding the Industrial Revolution: What? Where? When?
It was a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. It started in the United Kingdom in the 1700’s with the creation of the steam engine.
Define cottage industry:
Home based manufacturing. Make your own stuff. geographically dispersed across the landscape.
How did the iron industry benefits from the steam engine?
The steam engine provided the constant heat that iron needed to be produced.
How is the distribution of steel and iron industry influenced by coal?
Replaced scarce wood supply, and was the principal energy in ovens and steam engines.
Why was development in transportation necessary?
To attract large amounts of workers, to bring in bulky material, and to be able to ship products to consumers.
What two forms of transportation grew rapidly?
Ships and Trains, with the creation of canals and railroads - trains were delayed 50 years after their debut because of political disputes.
How did the Industrial Revolution change textiles?
Transformed from dispersed cottage industry to a concentrated factory system in 18th century.
How did the Industrial Revolution and factory system contribute to the need for food processing?
n 1810, Nicolas Appert canned food in glass bottles and sterilized them in boiling water. Used to feed workers.
United Kingdom –
19th Century - Textiles and Steel. Now - Attract International Investments through new high tech industries that serve the European market.
Rhine-Ruhr -
Concentration of iron and coal, from being near coalfields. Rotterdam, Largest port, lies at the Rhine river and flows into the North Sea
Mid-Rhine –
Europe’s most centrally located industrial area. Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Mannheim are all important hubs and ports.
Po Basin -
Textiles and other industries are attracted to the numerous low wage workers and inexpensive cost hydroelectricy from nearby alps.
Northeastern Spain –
Leading industrial area - Catalonia, centered on the city of Barcelona, which was the center of textile and motor vehicle plant.
Moscow -
Russia’s oldest industrial region centered around the largest city and capital.
St. Petersburg –
Specialize in shipbuilding and serving Russia’s navy, and is also Russia’s second largest city.
Urals –
Contains the worlds most varied collection of minerals, for this reason it has attract a variety of different plants.
Volga -
Contains Russia’s largest natural gas fields and petroleum. The Ural mountains 1,000 different types of minerals
Kuznetsk -
Russia’s most important manufacturing district, east of the Ural Mountains with coal and iron resources.
Donetsk –
In Eastern Ukraine, has one of the worlds largest coal reserves.
Silesia -
Growing industrial area, low paid workforce and close proximity to wealthy western European market.
New England –
Was a cotton textile center in the early 19th century. Raw materials would go south, Manufacturing would take place in the north, Products would go to Europe. Middle Atlantic - Largest US market, attracts industries that need close proximity to consumers and depend on foreign trade from ports.
Mohawk Valley –
A linear industrial belt in upper New York state, takes advantages inexpensive electricity generated at Niagara falls.
Pittsburgh.Lake Erie -
Was a leading steel - producing area in the 19th century because of it’s proximity to Appalachian coal and iron ore
Western Great Lakes –
Centered on Chicago, is the hud of the nations transportation network and is now the center of steel production.
Southern California -
The country’s largest area of clothing and textile production the second largest furniture producer and a major food processing center.
Southeastern Ontario-
Canada’s most important industrial area is central ti the Canadian and US markets, and near the great lakes and Niagara falls.
Japan
Became an industrial power in 1950’s and 1960’s Manufacturing is concentrated in the central region between Tokyo and Nagasaki.
South Korea
Leading producer of ocean going ships, centered along the rim of the country. Seoul and Busan are the largest ports.
China-
Has the worlds largest supply of low cost labor and is the worlds largest market many consumer products. Clusters among the east coast.
Define situation factors
Involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished good to the consumer
Define site factors:
Result from the unique characteristics of a location
What is a “bulk-reducing industry”?
An industry where the final product weighs less than the inputs; located near raw materials
What is a “bulk-gaining industry”?
An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs; located near the market.
Give two examples of these industries, and explain how they are bulk-gaining.
- Fabricated metals
- Beverage production
Fabricated Metals:
Fabricated and machined products typically occupy a large volume than the sum of their individual parts and metal. - Final Product weigh more than inputs/resources/parts.
Beverage Production:
The principle input placed in a beverage container is water, which is bulky and expensive to transport. - Better to be near the market for low transportation cost.
Specialized manufacturers make products that are designed to be sold primarily to
One or two consumers
Where is specialized manufacturers optimum location?
Close proximity to the customers.
Describe one example of optimal location of specialized manufacturers phenomenon.
EX: YKK (Producers of zippers) Have factories in the 68 countries to be close to clothing manufacturers.
List examples of “perishable products” that must be located near their markets.
Dairy, Newspapers, Bread, etc. Located near markets to avoid spoiling
How is a newspaper highly perishable?
Contains dated information.
Give reasons for why each of the following modes of transportation might be selected by a manufacturer to deliver their products to market.
- Trucks
- Trains
- Ships
- Air
Trucks-
often used for short-distance delivery can load and unload quickly really good if item is delivered in a day
Trains-
Used to ships things take longer than a day to deliver Loading takes longer No need for rest stops
Ships-
Cost is low for transportation over long distances. Slow. Travels across the sea unlike trains and trucks
Air-
Expensive. Speedy delivery for small-bulk, high value, package
What is a “break-of-bulk point”?
A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.
Give two examples of important break-of-bulk points. Seaports and airports.
EX: Steel mill near the the port, ships in iron and gets coal by train
Make a brief flow chart to illustrate how copper is an example of a bulk-reducing industry
\1.Mining, Bulky ore is waste. 2.Concentration near mines, crush grind and mix copper. 3. Smelting, remove impurities with smelters, built near mills to reduce transportation cost. -Final Product weighs less -Located near raw materials
How does energy play a role in the situation of copper mills?
Metal producers try to locate near economical electrical sources
Steel mills: Pittsburgh, southwestern Pennsylvania-
-Iron ore and coal was mined here,US Steel Mills Mid 19th Century
Steel mills: Locations around southern shore of Lake Erie
-Steel mills were created. Iron ore was mined. Mesabi range
-Steel mills: Southern Lake Michigan (Gary, Indiana & Chicago)
Steel mills were created -Iron ore was mined -Mesabi range
Steel mills:East and West Coasts (Trenton, NJ & Los Angeles, CA)-
-Input in steel production proces. US Steel mills Mid 20th
Why are the newest steel mills (minimills) beginning to move closer to markets and away from inputs?
Coastal plants provide steel to large east coast population centers and lake Michigan plants are centrally located to distribute products countrywide.
Explain how motor vehicle production is a bulk-gaining industry.
Ad the markets for new cars change, the distribution of factories change.