Chapter 13 vocab

Question 1

Gentrification

Answer 1

a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle- class , owner-occupied area.

Question 2

Megalopolis

Answer 2

-a continuous urban complex in the northeastern United States. Ex: New York

Question 3

Edge city

Answer 3

y- a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an an urban area. Ex: shamburg

Question 4

Cencus tract

Answer 4

an area delineated by the US Bureau of the Census for which statistics are puclished; in urban areas, cencus tracts corresponds roughly to neighborhoods

Question 5

Central business district-

Answer 5

• the area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered. Ex: Michigan Avenue area of Chicago

Question 6

Annexation

Answer 6

legally adding land area to a city in the United States. Ex: Deer Grove was added to Chicago

Question 7

Density gradient-

Answer 7

t- the change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery

Question 8

Concentric Zone (Burgess) model-

Answer 8

a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spaceially arranged in a series of rings

Question 9

Sector (Hoyt) model-

Answer 9

a model or the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the CBD

Question 10

Sprawl

Answer 10

l- development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not continuous to the
existing built-up area

Question 11

Social area analysis-

Answer 11

s- statistical analysis used to identify where people of similar living standards, ethnic background, and lifestyle live within an urban area. Ex rich people live near CBD

Question 12

Multiple Nuclei (Harris & Ullman) Model

Answer 12

a model of the internal structure of cities in which social

groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities

Question 13

Filtering

Answer 13

a process of change in the use of a house from single family owner occupancy to abandonment. Large houses in older neighborhoods are subdivided into smaller dwellings for lowincome families. Ex. Small houses for poor people, large houses for rich people.

Question 14

Smart growth-

Answer 14

legislation and regulation to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland

Question 15

Zoning ordinance

Answer 15

a law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community

Question 16

Favelas

Answer 16

slum or shanty town on the outskirts of the city

Question 17

Forward capital-

Answer 17

• relocated capital for symbolic reasons. Ex: Brazil’s capital moved from Rio to Brazilian to be more centered

Question 18

Green belt

Answer 18

a ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area. Ex: Central Park in New York

Question 19

New urbanism-

Answer 19

promotes environmentally friendly neighborhoods. Creates walkable neighborhoods
Sense of community. Mixing and diverse housing.

Question 20

Bid-rent theory-r

Answer 20

-refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases. It states that different land users will compete with one another for land close to the city centre.

Question 21

Metropolitan Statistical area

Answer 21

-geographical region with a relatively high population density at its core and close economic ties throughout the area.

Question 22

Latin American City (Griffin-Ford) Model-

Answer 22

wealthy people love in inner city and a sectors extending
along a commercial spine. It combines elements of the Sector and Concentric zone models. There is a squatter settlement (accommodates people from rural areas) and elite spine (commercial area)

Question 23

Galactic city model-

Answer 23

CBD in center with suburbs around in a circle

Question 24

Urban sprawl

Answer 24

new urban developments in low density areas

Question 25

Informal economy zone-

Answer 25

economic activity that isn’t taxed by the government and not included in gross national income. Ex: selling drugs

Question 26

Mega cities: c

Answer 26

city where high population growth and migration has caused them to explode in population

Question 27

Urban planning-

Answer 27

planning how cities are laid out

Question 28

Mixed-use neighborhoods-

Answer 28

development that combines housing and businesses in one area

Question 29

Municipality

Answer 29

A city or town that has corporate status and local government

Question 30

Eminent domain-

Answer 30

• the right of the state to take property to use for the public