Chapter 13 vocab Flashcards
Gentrification
a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle- class , owner-occupied area.
Megalopolis
-a continuous urban complex in the northeastern United States. Ex: New York
Edge city
y- a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an an urban area. Ex: shamburg
Cencus tract
an area delineated by the US Bureau of the Census for which statistics are puclished; in urban areas, cencus tracts corresponds roughly to neighborhoods
Central business district-
- the area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered. Ex: Michigan Avenue area of Chicago
Annexation
legally adding land area to a city in the United States. Ex: Deer Grove was added to Chicago
Density gradient-
t- the change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery
Concentric Zone (Burgess) model-
a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spaceially arranged in a series of rings
Sector (Hoyt) model-
a model or the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the CBD
Sprawl
l- development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not continuous to the
existing built-up area
Social area analysis-
s- statistical analysis used to identify where people of similar living standards, ethnic background, and lifestyle live within an urban area. Ex rich people live near CBD
Multiple Nuclei (Harris & Ullman) Model
a model of the internal structure of cities in which social
groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities
Filtering
a process of change in the use of a house from single family owner occupancy to abandonment. Large houses in older neighborhoods are subdivided into smaller dwellings for lowincome families. Ex. Small houses for poor people, large houses for rich people.
Smart growth-
legislation and regulation to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland
Zoning ordinance
a law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community
Favelas
slum or shanty town on the outskirts of the city
Forward capital-
- relocated capital for symbolic reasons. Ex: Brazil’s capital moved from Rio to Brazilian to be more centered
Green belt
a ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area. Ex: Central Park in New York
New urbanism-
promotes environmentally friendly neighborhoods. Creates walkable neighborhoods
Sense of community. Mixing and diverse housing.
Bid-rent theory-r
-refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases. It states that different land users will compete with one another for land close to the city centre.
Metropolitan Statistical area
-geographical region with a relatively high population density at its core and close economic ties throughout the area.
Latin American City (Griffin-Ford) Model-
wealthy people love in inner city and a sectors extending
along a commercial spine. It combines elements of the Sector and Concentric zone models. There is a squatter settlement (accommodates people from rural areas) and elite spine (commercial area)
Galactic city model-
CBD in center with suburbs around in a circle
Urban sprawl
new urban developments in low density areas
Informal economy zone-
economic activity that isn’t taxed by the government and not included in gross national income. Ex: selling drugs
Mega cities: c
city where high population growth and migration has caused them to explode in population
Urban planning-
planning how cities are laid out
Mixed-use neighborhoods-
development that combines housing and businesses in one area
Municipality
A city or town that has corporate status and local government
Eminent domain-
- the right of the state to take property to use for the public
