Industrial revolution

Question 1

How did a lack of space contribute to the development if sport?

Answer 1

purpose built facilities had to be created to have any sport outlet - e.g. football pitch

Question 2

How did a large working-class population contribute to the development if sport?

Answer 2

‘melting pot’ of sports - opportunity for different villages to share ideas
many couldn’t play - stadiums to spectate - became key past time

Question 3

How did a loss of traditional sports contribute to the development if sport?

Answer 3

less space so facilities not there anymore
individualised village sports became irrelevant
old sports couldn’t happen so new sports emerged
more civilised in urban areas - mob games banned

Question 4

How did a change in working hours contribute to the development if sport?

Answer 4

to begin with - working conditions horrendous + stupid hours + exploited
living conditions also terrible - disease spread
therefore didn’t have time / too ill

Question 5

NEGATIVE
Effects of urbanisation on society

Answer 5

lots of people - crowded, no space for traditional games

Question 6

NEGATIVE
Effects of leisure time on society

Answer 6

long working hours - less time
shift from ‘seasonal’ time to ‘machine’ time - 12 hour working days

Question 7

NEGATIVE
Effects of income on society

Answer 7

lack of income - low wages and poverty were evident - exploited by factory owners

Question 8

NEGATIVE
Effects of health on society

Answer 8

as more crowded - disease spread quickly = people became ill - couldn’t play sports

Question 9

NEGATIVE
Effects of laws on society

Answer 9

more laws in place - games became more civilised as mob games were banned
Changes in criminal laws

Question 10

NEGATIVE
Effects of public provision on society

Answer 10

lack of public provisions - no access to private facilities or no personal equipment for lower classes

Question 11

What were the initial negative effects on society?

Answer 11

H - poor health / hygiene
I - lack of income
T - lack of time
F - facility provision lacking
O - overcrowding + lack space
R - loss of rights

Question 12

How did health and hygiene change?

Answer 12

1875 Public Health Act
Artisans Dwellings Act allowed council to clear slums and build better homes for working families
public baths improved cleanliness

Question 13

POSITIVE
What effect did health and hygiene have on society?

Answer 13

less risk of disease
less working class getting ill
could take part in more sport as healthier + more energy

Question 13

How did wages change?

Answer 13

Factory Acts - restricted working hours for women and young children
Work finished 2pm on Saturday
Working conditions improved e.g. ventilation

Question 14

POSITIVE
What effect did factory acts have on society?

Answer 14

working class had more time to be involved in physical activity / sport

Question 15

How did two tier system change?

Answer 15

new middle class of industrialists and professionals who lived in much better conditions than before
new middle class were self made men who took advantage of business opportunities available in newly industrialised society

Question 16

POSITIVE
What effect did new middle class have on society?

Answer 16

changed ways of behaving in sport - became more acceptable and respectful and played to a high moral code
gave more time off work
provided broken time payments - lower classes payed to miss days work to play

Question 17

How did the values of athleticism change?

Answer 17

created opportunities for organised sports and recreational activities, due to decrease in physical labour after revolution
defined as ‘physical endeavour with moral integrity’ spread to lower classes

Question 18

POSITIVE
What effect did values of athleticism have on society?

Answer 18

development of modern fitness - more people involved in sports and recreational activities
idea of always trying hard and working to best of abilities whilst taking part in fair spirit of game

Question 19

How did industrial patronage change?

Answer 19

factory owners became ‘patrons of sport’
new MC factory owners provided support of WC to be able to participate

Question 20

POSITIVE
What effect did industrial patronage have on society?

Answer 20

Greater provisions:
- factory teams
- facilities provided by factories
- excursions to seaside
Encouraged loyalty in workforce

Question 21

How did transport change?

Answer 21

new railway network built
development of roads
cheaper to travel

Question 22

What were the key ways railways contributed to the development of sport?

Answer 22

movement of teams / spectators
- faster and further travel
- nationwide fixtures develop on regular basis
improved access
- sport developed from local to regional to national level
- leagues formed
cheaper train travel
- affordable to WC
- people follow teams and support home and away
improved access to countryside
- field sports
rural areas reachable and affordable
- excursions (often sponsored by employers) allowed WC to travel to seaside

Question 23

How did communication change?

Answer 23

newspaper production increased ‘bells weakly’
telephones introduced

Question 24

POSITIVE
What effect did communications have on society?

Answer 24

published fixtures and results
leagues established

Question 25

How did improved literacy positively influence development of national recreation?

Answer 25

Codifying sports
- rules created
- more sections of society could understand them

Advertising/promoting sports, increasing knowledge via specialist newspapers
- posters of when games will be
- results

Increasing knowledge of sporting heroes / role models in the newspapers