Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health Flashcards
Nephrotoxins
Targets the kidneys
Neurotoxins
Targets nerve cells
Hemotoxins
Targets red blood cells
Hepatoxins
Targets the liver
Carcinogenesis / Oncogenesis
Car-cin-nuh-jen-a-sis / On-co-gen-sis
The creation of cancer
Anthracosis
A pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to coal dust (Black Lung)
Siderosis
A lung disease caused by inhalation iron oxide or other metallic particles.
Silicosis
A pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of iron oxide or other metallic particles.
Silicosiderosis
A pneumoconiosis in which inhaled dust is that of silica and iron
Presbycusis
Hearing loss due to the normal process of aging
Sociocusis
Hearing loss due to nonoccupational noise sources, such as household noise, TV, radio, traffic, etc.
Tinnitus
Ringing in the ears.
Sensorineural
Hearing loss due to occupational exposure.
Epicondylittis
Associated with a framing carpenter
Raynaud’s Syndrome
Characterized by white fingers and numbness
Independent Effect
Substance exert their own toxicity independently of each other.
Additive Effect
(3 + 5 = 8)
The combined effect of exposure to two chemicals that have both the same mechanism of action and target organ, is equal to the sum of the effects of exposure to each chemical when given alone.
Synergistic Effect
(3 + 5 = 30)
The combined effect of exposure to two chemicals is much greater than the sum of the effects of each substance when given along; each substance magnifies the toxicity of the other.
Irritants
Chemicals that will irritate various tissues, causing redness, rashes, swelling, coughing, or even hemorrhaging.
Chlorine and ammonia are examples of two irritants.
Sensitizers
Allergens, these chemicals cause an allergic type of reaction due to sensitivity from prior exposure. An acute response may be swelling of the breathing tubes, which causes breathing difficulty.
Mutagens
Causes alterations in the genes of an exposed person.
Teratogens
Causes damage or death to a developing fetus. Examples of teratogens are thalidomide, dioxins, lead and cadmium.
Acute
Fast or rapid acting.
Chronic
Long term
