individualistic theories informing policy development

Question 1

what is psychoanalysis?

Answer 1

patients verbalising their thoughts

Question 2

what is the aim?

Answer 2

to access unconscious and repressed thoughts which are believed to cause crime

Question 3

what does the treatment deal with?

Answer 3

tries to bring the repressed thoughts to consciousness where they can be dealt with

Question 4

why doesn’t work?

Answer 4

least favoured - time consuming. creates a power imbalance between therapist and client which could raise ethical issues, clients could discover painful memories that were deliberately repressed

Question 5

who does this link to?

Answer 5

freud

Question 6

what is behaviour modification?

Answer 6

it focuses on techniques to differentiate undesirable behaviours and promote desirable ones

Question 7

what is the aim?

Answer 7

behaviours that are reinforced are strengthened, while behaviours that are punished are weakened

Question 8

what is a token economy system?

Answer 8

a token is given for a desired action, which is later exchanged for a treat. for example, a prisoner who follows rules earn privileges like seeing their family members more

Question 9

what did fo and o’donnell do?

Answer 9

a ‘buddy system’ which adult volunteers were assigned to a young offender to provide reinforcement for socially acceptable ways of acting

Question 10

was it successful?

Answer 10

improved for serious offenders, but had mixed impact on those who committed less serious crimes