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Psychology/Soc > Individual Influences on Behavior > Flashcards

Individual Influences on Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

include rewards, avoid punishments- tangible rewards

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2
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

interest in a task, pure enjoyment.

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3
Q

instinct theory of motivation

A

people driven to do certain behaviors based on instincts

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4
Q

arousal theory of motivation

A

people perform actions in order to maintain an optimal level of arousal

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5
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

U-shaped graph, performance worse at high and low levels of arousal. Best at intermediate level

For cognitive/complex tasks, low level is better. for physical endurance,simple tasks, high level of arousal is better.

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6
Q

Drive Reduction Theory

A

motivation is based on the drive to eliminate anything uncomfortable

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7
Q

Need-Based Theories

A

motivation is how we use our energy/resources to satisfy our needs

Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs
Self-Determination Theory- 3 universal needs: autonomy, competence, relatedness

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8
Q

incentive theory

A

desire to pursue awards and avoid punishments

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9
Q

expectancy value theory

A

amount of motivation= individuals expectation of success in reaching goal + degree to which they value succeeding

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10
Q

Opponent-Process theory

A

explains drug use. withdrawl sx that your body does creates a dependence on the drug

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11
Q

Maslows Hierachy of Needs

A

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

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12
Q

personality

A

thoughts, feelings, traits, behaviors (how we act)

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13
Q

Freud- id

A

basic, primal , inborn urges to survive and reproduce

functions according to pleasure principles, gaining immediate gratification

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14
Q

Freud- ego

A

functions according to the reality principle (postpones pleasure principle until satisfaction can actually be obtained)

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15
Q

Freud-superego

A

focused on ideal self, perfectionist

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16
Q

defense mechanisms

A

ego’s way or relieving anxiety caused by id/superego clash

they all deny reality and they operate unconsciously

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17
Q

repression defense mechanism

A

unconsciously removing an idea/feeling from consciousness

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18
Q

suppression defense mechanism

A

consciously removing an idea/feeling from consciousness

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19
Q

regression defense mechanism

A

returning to an earlier stage of development - ex: speaking like a baby

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20
Q

reaction formation defense mechanism

A

unacceptable impulse transformed into opposite - ex: 2 people always fighting bc they actually like each other

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21
Q

projection defense mechanism

A

attribution of wishes, thoughts, desires to someone else

ex: man who cheated claims his wife is cheating

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22
Q

rationalization

A

justification of attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors

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23
Q

displacement

A

changing the target of an emotion, while the feelings remain the same- ex: taking anger on something/someone else

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24
Q

sublimation

A

channeling an unacceptable impulse into a socially acceptable direction

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25
Q

Jungian archetypes

A

persona- how we present to the world
anima- a “mans inner woman”
animus- a “womens inner man”
shadow- unpleasant and social unacceptable thoughs, feelings and actions

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26
Q

Jungs Dichotomy

A

extraversion vs. inversion
sensing vs. intuiting
thinking vs. feeling

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27
Q

the big 5 traits of personality

A 
OCEAN
O-openness
C- conscientiousness
E- extraversion
A- agreeableness
N- neuroticism
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28
Q

biomedical vs biopsychosocial approach to psych disorders

A

biomedical approach- symptom reduction, narrow view

biopsychosocial approach- biological, psychological and social components to an individuals disorder.
direct therapy but also indirect therapy which aims to increase social support

29
Q

Scizophrenia

A

psychotic disorder

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts and behaviors (positive symptoms) + negative symptoms

30
Q

positive symptoms vs negative symptoms

A

positive symptoms- behaviors, thoughts, feelings added to normal behavior

negative symptoms- absence of normal or desired behavior

31
Q

delusions

A

reference- common elements in environment directed towards the individual

persecution- person is being discriminated against or threatened

Grandeur- belief that you’re remarkable in some way

32
Q

hallucinations

A

not due to external stimuli but have a compelling sense of reality

33
Q

disorganized thought

A

loosening of associations, word salads, or making up new words (neologisms)

34
Q

disorganized behavior

A

inability to carry out daily living

catatonia-spontaneous movement

35
Q

downward drift hypothesis

A

schizo causes decline in socioeconomic status

36
Q

major depressive disorder

A

at least one episode, at least 2 week of at least the 5 following symptoms:
SIG E CAPS
sadness, sleep, interest, guilt, energy, concentration, appetite, psychomotor sx and suicidal thoughts

37
Q

dysthmia

A

depressed mood that isn’t severe enough to be diagnosed with MDD

38
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

seasonal onset of disorder, present in winter months

can be treated with bright light therapy

39
Q

manic episodes

A

abnormal and elevated mood lasting at least one week with at least 3 of the following symptoms:
DIG FAST
distractible, insomnia, grandiosity, flight of ideas (racing thoughts), agitation, speech, and thoughtlessness

40
Q

bipolar I vs bipolar II

A

bipolar I has manic episodes with or without major depressive disorders

bipolar II- hypomania with at least one major depressive episode

41
Q

monoamine or catecholamine theory of depression

A

too much norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapse leads to mania, too little leads to depression

42
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

disproportionate and persistent worry about many different thing

43
Q

specific phobias

A

phobia produced by specific object

44
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

anxiety in social situations

45
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear in being places which may be hard to escape

46
Q

panic disorder

A

repeated panic attacks

47
Q

OCD

A

obsessions and compulsions.

obsessions raise the individuals stress level, compulsions reduce stress level

48
Q

body dysmorphic disorder

A

negative evaluation of persons appearance

49
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

inability to recall past experiences, linked to trauma

50
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

two or more personalities that recurrently take control of a persons behavior

51
Q

depersonalization

A

individuals feel detached from their own body and mind

52
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

disproportionate concerns about a medical conditions seriousness

53
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

consumed with thoughts about having or developing a serious medical condition

54
Q

conversion disorder

A

unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions

55
Q

ego syntonic

A

individual happy with their behaviors

56
Q

ego dystonic

A

sees the illness as bothersome

57
Q

clusters of personality disorders

A

3 W
weird, wild, worried

weird-paranoid, schizo
wild- antisocial, borderline
worried- OCD, avoidant personality disorder, dependent

58
Q

causes of schizophrenia

A

genes, hypoxemia, excessive marijuana, excess of dopmaine

59
Q

causes of depression

A

high glucose in the amygdala, hippocampus atrophy, high levels of cortisol, decreased norepinephrine, serotonin or dopamine

60
Q

causes of bipolar

A

increased norepinephrine and serotonin, genes

61
Q

alzheimers disease

A

atrophy of the brain, enlarged cerebral ventricles, reduction in acetylcholine, neurofibrillary tangles

62
Q

parkinsons disease

A

bradykinesia, resting tremor, masklike, shuffling gait, stooped posture

causes- decreased dopamine production in basal ganglia

63
Q

components of attitude

A

A- affective (emotional)
B- behavioral
C- cognitive (justficiation)

64
Q

functional attitudes theory

A

attitudes serve 4 functions- knowledge, ego-expressive (solidify our self identity), ego-defensive (protecting ourselves) and adaptive

65
Q

learning theory

A

attitudes developed through different forms of learning (direct contact, others attitudes, classical conditioning, operant)

66
Q

elaboration likelihood model

A

separates indiv. based on their processing of persuasive information

67
Q

central route processing

A

high elaboration, analyzing

68
Q

peripheral route processing

A

superficial information, slogans, pictures

69
Q

social cognitive theory

A

people learn how to behave and shape attitude by observing the behaviors of others

Banduras triangle- 3 factors- personal, behavioral, environmenta

Psychology/Soc (14 decks)

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