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Psychology/Soc > Biological Foundations of Behavior > Flashcards

Biological Foundations of Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

three kinds of nerve cells in the nervous system

A

afferent, efferent, interneurons

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2
Q

sensory neurons

A

afferent neurons. transmit sensory information from the spinal cord to the brain (Away from spine)

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3
Q

motor neurons

A

efferent neurons. transmit motor information from the spine and brain to the glands and muscles

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4
Q

interneurons

A

found in between, majority of neurons. linked to reflexive behavior/ reflex arts.

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5
Q

2 parts of human nervous system

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spine

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7
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

somatic and autonomic. made up of tissues and fibers outside of brain and spine

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8
Q

somatic nervous system

A

sensory and motor neurons

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9
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

regulates heart beat, respiration, digestion, etc. INVOLUNTARY. independent of conscious control. 2 divisions- parasympathetic, sympathetic

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10
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest and digest. conserve energy. increases digestion/peristalsis, reduce heart rate, constricts the bronchi, constricts pupils, contracts bladder, stimulates bile

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11
Q

acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter responsible for PNS responses

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12
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight. increases heart rate, dilates pupils, inhibits salivation, relaxes bronchi, inhibits bladder contraction

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13
Q

epinephrine

A

gets released during sympathetic responses

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14
Q

meninges

A

thick sheath of connective tissue covering the brain. helps protect the brain, anchor it and resorb cerebrospinal fluid

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15
Q

layers of the meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

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16
Q

3 subdivisions of the brain

A

hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

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17
Q

hindbrain

A

vital functions for surviving. respiration, motor coordination, breathing, digestion, sleep. parts: medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum

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18
Q

medulla oblongata

A

OBLIGATED TO BREATHE- breathing, heart rate, blood pressure

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19
Q

pons

A

sleep on the bed!

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20
Q

cerebellum

A

posture and balance. (alcohol impairs)

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21
Q

midbrain

A

involuntary reflex responses triggered by visual or auditory stimuli.

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22
Q

superior colliculus

A

visual sensory input (superman vision)

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23
Q

inferior colliculus

A

auditory system

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24
Q

forebrain

A

complex perceptual, behavioral, cognitive processes and emotion and memory

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25
Q

thalamus

A

sensory information relay station- EXCEPT SMELL

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26
Q

hypothalamus

A

4 Fs- feeding, fighting, flighting, fucking. endorcine functions, homeostatic functions, hunger, thirst, sexual behavior

27
Q

lateral hypothalamus

A

LH- lacks hunger when destroyed. triggers eating and drinking

28
Q

ventromedial hypothalamus

A

VMH- very much hunger when destroyed. tells you when to stop eating

29
Q

anterior hypothalamus

A

controls sexual behavior. when destroyed= asexual

30
Q

basal ganglia

A

coordinate muscle movement. Parkinsons disease- damage to this area

31
Q

limbic system

A

emotion and memory. includes amygdala, septal nuclei, hippocampus

32
Q

septal nuclei

A

one of the primary pleasure centers

33
Q

amygdala

A

fear, rage, aggressive violence

34
Q

hippocampus

A

learning and memory

35
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

can not establish NEW long-term memories

36
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

memory loss of old events

37
Q

cerebral cortex

A

four lobes- F-POT, frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal.

38
Q

frontal lobe

A

executive function, association area-regulates functions from other parts of the brain. motor cortex-voluntary motor movements . broca’s area

39
Q

broca’s area

A

speech production

40
Q

dominant hemisphere

A

left. language, logic, math

41
Q

parietal lobe

A

somatosensory information processing- touch, pressure, temperature, pain. spatial processing and manipulation

42
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual cortex

43
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory cortex, memory, emotion and language. Wernickes area

44
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

language reception and comprehension

45
Q

contralaterally

A

neurons on the left side of the brain control movements on the right side of the body

46
Q

ipsilaterally

A

same hemisphere/same side of body. such as hearing

47
Q

non-dominant

A

right side. intuition, creativity, music cognition

48
Q

acetylcholine

A

efferent limb of somatic nervous system, PNS- sweat glands, CNS- attention and arousal. Alzheimers disease-loss of cholinergic neurons

49
Q

epinephrine/norepinephrine

A

catecholamines-emotions. fight/flight. epinephrine=adrenaline. norepinephrine- more local. depression- low levels of norepinephrine

50
Q

dopamine

A

movement and posture. schizophrenia- imbalances, too much dopamine in the brain.

51
Q

serotonin

A

mood, eating, sleeping, and dreaming. too much-manic, too little= depression

52
Q

GABA and glycine

A

brain “stabilization”

53
Q

glutamate

A

brain excitation

54
Q

endorphins

A

natural painkillers

55
Q

neurulation

A

3-4 weeks. forms neural groove and neural folds which then forms the dorsal root ganglia, melanocytes and calcitonin, the neural tube forms the CNS

56
Q

rooting reflex

A

automatic turning head in the direction of a stimulus that touches the cheek- nipple during feeding

57
Q

moro reflex

A

disappears after 4 months. flinging arms and hands out during abrupt situation

58
Q

babinski reflex

A

toes spread out when stimulated

59
Q

grasping reflex

A

infant closes his or her fingers around an object placed in their hand

60
Q

stranger anxiety

A

develop at around 7 months and 12 months- parents are the infants life. anxiety when seperated

61
Q

parallel play

A

age 2- children play alongside each other without influencing their behaviors

62
Q

gender identity in children

A

formed around age 3- gender appropriate play

63
Q

conformity in children

A

by age 5

Psychology/Soc (14 decks)

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