individual+group performance

Question 1

theories considering influences on effect/performance based on assumptions from SOCIAL approach

Answer 1

• our behaviour, cognitions, emotions can be influenced by actual/implied/imagine PRESENCE of others
• all our behaviour, cognition, emotions can be influenced by social contexts+social environment

Question 2

social facilitation

Answer 2

(phenomenon) improved performance in presence of others

Question 3

co-action effect (presence of others- social facilitation)

Answer 3

person doing same tasks ALONGSIDE others+demonstrate improved performance

Question 4

audience effect (social facilitation)

Answer 4

increased performance due to presence of SPECTATORS

Question 5

social inhibition (when likely to occur)

Answer 5

phenomenon of REDUCED performance due to presence of others

-trying new/challenging tasks -> decreased performance in others’ presence
- not wanting to be watched doing something for the 1st time

Question 6

cognitive factors (social facilitation)

Answer 6

real/implied presence of others during a task create CONFLICT in which individuals torn between giving ATTENTION to AUDIENCE/TASK itself
conflict motivates person to pay more attention to the task and improve performance

Question 7

affective factors- EVALUATION APPREHENSION (social facilitation)
inhibit performance when:
enhance performance when:

Answer 7

ppl tend to worry abt audience’s opinion of them
inhibit: unconfident doing task / complex task
enhance: confident / simple task

Question 8

physiological factors- DRIVE THEORY
effect during
easy task:
difficult task:

Answer 8

increased arousal+internal motivation used to reach goal
- ppl aroused by challenges of a task+presence of audience(feel compelled)
dominant response when easy task
stressful arousal, dominant response not well-matched to task ??

Question 9

social loafing (social facilitation)

Answer 9

when ppl don’t work AS HARD in presence of others compared to alone
(ppl feel their behaviour isn’t being closely watched)

Question 10

impact of social loafing on performance

Answer 10

• reduce pressure to perform well due to decreased social influence
  -> individuals may exert less effort when in group with insufficient supervision

Question 11

i=f(SIN)

Answer 11

i=impact
f=multiplicative function applied to (SIN)
Strength (power of influencing person)
Immediacy (how close+recent influence is)
Numbers (amount of influencing ppl)

Question 12

psycho-social law

Answer 12

1st source of influence has GREATEST effect, subsequent courses less effective

Question 13

divisions of impact (SIN)

Answer 13

social force diffused across all ppl directed at
if directed at 1 individual, pressure vry high, could be divided if more targets