Individual Differences

Question 1

Define personality

Answer 1

Patterns of thoughts and feelings and the way in which we interact with our environment and other people that make us a unique person

Question 2

How does the Narrow Band Approach explain personality?

Answer 2

People can be categorised as having either Type A or Type B personality traits

Question 3

What are some characteristics of people classified as Type A?

Answer 3

Impatient, intolerant, high levels of stress

Question 4

What are some characteristics of people classified as Type B?

Answer 4

Relaxed, tolerant, lower personal stress

Question 5

Define anxiety

Answer 5

Negative emotional state that is closely associated with arousal

Question 6

What is the difference between state and trait?

Answer 6

Trait in innate/ born with, state is situational

Question 7

What is the difference between stable and unstable personality traits?

Answer 7

Stable = personality trait of an individual that never changes.
Unstable = trait that is changeable and unpredictable

Question 8

What is arousal?

Answer 8

Energised state or readiness for action that motivates individuals to behave in a certain way

Question 9

Give some characteristics of an extroverted individual

Answer 9

Seek social situations, lacks concentration, likes excitement, aims to be the centre of attention

Question 10

What type of sports are generally best suited to an individual who is classed an introvert?

Answer 10

Individual sports due to occasional shying away from social situations and the high levels of concentration an introvert gives

Question 11

Personality traits is one way to discuss how personalities are formed, name two other theories behind how personalities are formed

Answer 11

Social learning

Interactionist approach

Question 12

What is the ineractionist approach to personality formation?

Answer 12

Belief that everyone is born with certain personality traits, but these can be altered through our interactions with the environment

Question 13

Define attitude

Answer 13

A predisposition to act in a particular way towards something or someone in a person’s environment

Question 14

What is prejudice?

Answer 14

Preconceived opinion based on faulty and inflexible generlisation

Question 15

What are the components of an attitude, and what is this model called?

Answer 15

TRIADIC MODEL:
Beliefs
Emotions
Behaviour

Question 16

What are two ways one can utilise in order to change someone’s behaviour?

Answer 16

Persuasive communication and cognitive dissonance

Question 17

What are three key points when utilising verbal persuasion to change an attitude?

Answer 17

Person doing the persuading.
Quality of the message.
Characteristics of the person being persuaded.