india KT2 growth of nationalism Flashcards
what did ww1 change about indian feelings
indian soldiers had fougjt side by side with white british troops. they had a strengthened self esteem and felt that they deserved the freedom and democracy england and america, the allies they fought along, were fighting for
what were the differing attitudes of gopal gokhale and bal tilak
gokhale believed indians should respect the raj and slowly move towards self-government. tilak believed they should use force to reach self government.
how did gandhi first emerge
- he arrived back in india in 1914 after serving as a lawyer in south africa, where he experimented with non violent protests.
-he became friends with gokhale who advised him to keep a low profile during the war
how did gandhi intervene locally in 1917
-satyagrahas. in bihar peasant farmers were being forced to grow indigo on unfair terms. he refused to leave the district.
-in gujarat cotton mill workers were earning barely anything. he fasted until it was resolved.
how did cooperation for the lucknow pact come along
-after britian anulled the partitition of bengal, the ml felt that they were not sympathetic to seperate electorates. they now wanted seperation from the raj.
-the war against turkey 1914 was against the caliph of islam, the sultan of turkey. muslims were angry and didnt want to work with the raj.
-muhammad ali jinnah worked hard to bring the inc and ml together for self gov.
what was the lucknow pact what year
- an agreement that the number of muslims would be laid out per province and there would be seperate electorates for muslims and hindus, except if they requested for a joint one. it gave muslims a sense of identity and a voice. congress was strengthened by cooperation.
what were the home rule leagues
they were set up in 1916 to spread indian nationalism in previously unpoliticised provinces.
bal tilak’s home rule league gained 32,000 members.
annie besants all india home rule league had covered most of india with jinnah joining it too.
what did the home rule leagues do
-they focused on domestic affairs
-tilak and besant toured india giving public lectures, speeches and joining each others leagues
-they produced rallies, newspapers and songs for home rule
-enthusiasm for home rule spread to rural india
-thousands signed petitions for concessions from britain
-the leaders were imprisoned in 1917
what was indian reaction to the goi act 1919
- hindus were angry because they believed reserved seats were divisive and anti democratic.
-many hoping for home rule were disappointed
-indians were angry that the rowlatt act had been passed so quick but there were years between the montagu chelmsford reforms and the goi act. too slow. - the inc boycotted the first elections
what was gandhis response to the amritsar massacre
-gandhi called for a satyagraha in april 1919. a form of peaceful protest where you refuse to cooperate with the gov
-it failed. the hartals turned to violence, especially in gujarat and the punjab.
-gandhi could not stop it. retired to his ashram
-satyagraha would only work if everyone understood the concept
