henry IV Flashcards
why was henry bolingbroke angry at richard ii?
Richard had exiled him for 10 years and disinherited him from his estates when henry’s father John of Gaunt died in 1399.
who was henry supported by in his rebellion in 1399
he made an alliance with Louis, duke of orleans, the king’s brother. his lancashire(cheshire) retainers. the earls of northumberland and westmoorland. archbishop arundel. and duke of york (protector of the realm)
how did the usurpation happen
richard was on an expedition in ireland. delayed his return. his troops deserted him because Henry’s army was too big. outnumbered. richard was sent to flint castle to negotiate but ended up imprisoned in the tower.
who was henry iv son of
John of Gaunt, third son of edward iii.
what did henry do at his first parliament? what did he claim richard had done?
read out 39 accusations against richard. on his unfair taxation used for his own good,treatment of lords apellant, corruption etc. he said richard gave him the throne himself and placed his gold ring on the duke.
why was his reign problematic?
usurping a king, who had divine right was against god. he set a precedent that unpopular kings could be removed by overmighty subjects.
who was next in line for the throne before henry
edmund mortimer by right of primogeniture. son of edward’s second son lionel of antwerp’duke of clarence. but he was only 8 so could not oppose. the mortimers were marcher earls very powerful.
what did edmun mortimer’s uncle do
sir edmund mortimer was captured by the welsh prince and switched his loyalty to claim that his nephew was heir
how did henry iv secure his reign
made hi son henry prince of wales and heir. promised that he’d ‘live off his own’ and only request tax in wartime.
what was the epiphany rising
in janruary 1400, a number of diehard ricardians, including the earls of huntingdon, kent and salisbury planned to murder henry at a christmas party in windsor castle and reinstate richard. henry was warned and escaped. even locals killed rebels
what happened to richard after epiphany rising
he was said to have starved himself to death(killed). his body was displayed
who was owain glyndwr how did he rebell?
in 1400 led a rebellion from glyndyfrdwy and became a prince.wanted to kill henry and remove english lang in wales. attacked and burned town of ruthin. his troops defeated by lancastrian hugh burnell. henry’s son and hotspur were military commanders in wales. welsh carried on with guerilla tactics. in 1402 he captured edmund iv mortimer
how did henry react to the welsh threat
banned food and armour supply to wales, the bearing of arms, keeping of castles by welsh men etc
why were the percy family unhappy
-in 1402 henry percy, hotspur was military commander in wales and scotland, but losing power to prince henry.
-in 1402 hotspur won against the scots at the battle of homildon hill but the king didnt let them keep prisoners.
-didnt get paid quick enough
-king didnt allow them to negotiate to get back edmund iv mortimer, brother of hotspurs wife
what was hotspurs rebellion
rebelled in 1403, the battle of shrewsbury. claimed allegiance to richard. defeated. henry killed on battlefield. body publically displayed
why were relations with france bad
-isabella was returned without her dowry.orleans challenged henry to combat.
-duchy of aquitane had been reclaimed by edward iii and refused an act of homage to french king so began hundred years war. 1401 heir dauphin louis was granted aquitane. this triggered piracy on both sides of the english channel.
what was the impact of piracy in the channel
defence spending in aquitane was already high.piracy had a significant negative impact on trade.in 1405 the hanseatic league(police of water) placed trade restrictions on the english trading with the baltic.
how were relations bad with the scots
they supported the french making the threat from north greater. the king of scots, robert iii refused to recognise henry as king and raided some counties in the north. henry proposed war but they didnt comply. so henry invaded with an army of 15,000. met with little resistance and returned home having gained little. homildon hill defeated scots 1403
what was scrope’s rebellion
- archbishop of scrope rebelled due to king’s financial mismanagement.supported by earl of northumberland, thomas mowbray etc.
revolt put down and scrope executed. this was widely criticised as scrope was part of the clergy, a senior so it was against the church. after the execution henry’s health began to decline
how did henry iv create diplomatic relations and secure england
-married his daughter blanche to rupert, count palatine of the rhine, the king of the romans in 1402. location close to france.
-married daughter philippa to the king of norway, sweden and denmark in 1406. hanseatic league.
-married joan of brittany, widow in 1402
-invited kings of portugal and castille to join the order of the garter. he had formed it to replicate king arthur’s legendary knights of the round table. showed military prowess and status.
