henry VI Flashcards
what age did henry vi inherit the throne
9 months old
what was henry iv’s like
he was quiet, pious and incapable of making a decision. he was also easy to manipulate due to his mental health. he was militarily inept and a poor judge of character
how was france governed during henry vi’s reign
a council of noblemen took over. his influential wife margaret of anjou played a big role in parliament
what were the problems with henry V’s legacy
henry V had great military success. the treaty of troyes (1420) left henry vi as both the monarch of both england and france. he had very expensive military campaigns that left a difficult financial situation
who dominated the government for the majority of henry vi’s reign
the faction of margaret of anjou, edmund beaufort, the duke of somerset and william de la pole, duke of suffolk
what was the treaty of tours who negotiated it
suffolk arranged it in 1444. it was contraversial.
-henry was to marry anjou, niece of charles vii
-no dowry for margaret. english pay for wedding
-england to surrender maine(kept secret)
why was suffolk unpopular
-treaty of tours 1444
advocated attack on fougeres which -triggered french attacks on normandy and led to the loss of normandy 1453.
-mismanagement of tax
-didnt repay york and sold his jewels
-manipulated king for royal patronage
how did suffolk die
he was impriosoned in the tower in 1450 on charge of treason. henry liked him so cleared him of charges. he instead banished him for 5 years. when suffolk was leaving a privateering ship took him and beheaded him.
what triggered the start of cade’s rebellion and where was it
in kent. there were local grievances agaisnt lord saye, the kings treasurer and william crowmer, two powerful men. for corruption and violence. after suffolk’s body washed up on the shore, there were rumours that saye and crowmer threatened widespread destruction in revenge.
who was jack cade
captain of kent, he went by the alias john mortimer.
what year was cades rebellion
may to july 1450
who joined cades rebellion
ordinary people, spreading from kent to surrey, sussex and the west. lower gentry and townspeople as well as respectable figures in local villages. some of the army mutinied
why were the rebels angry
-loss of normandy in 1450
-high tax to fund unsuccessful war
-somerset blamed- in charge of military
-everyone was paying such a high tax
which important religious person was killed in cades rebellion
bishop ainscough. kings confessor was dragged and brutally hacked to death by a mob. this was shocking. showed how much they hated henrys reign
what happened to the delegation henry sent to the rebels
it was led by sir humphrey stafford and was rejected. rebels ambushed kings men and killed sir humphrey stafford and william stafford. direct defiance to henrys authority
how did cades rebellion end
the king fled to kenilworth castle. the rebels took control over london and killed lord saye.cades army were 46,000 now. londoners fought and defeated cades army.
what was the medieval punishment for high treason
hang, drawn and quartered
what was yorks role in 1437
he was lieutenant of france. returned and met with hostility because cades rebels had supported him
how were somerset and and york related to the king
york was the kings closest legitimate cousin so thought of himself as heir. suffolk was also a closely related lancastrian
what happened in 1453
somserset was commander in france. battle of castillon english were defeated. normandy is lost. famous soldier john talbot died. somerset was not trusted to govern.
what did the loss of normandy lead to
the king collapsed. coma until christmas. york began his first protectorate
which powerful earl family switched their allegiance and when
the nevilles switched to ally with york in 1453
what did york do during his first protectorate
imprisoned somerset in the tower of london. made richard neville, the earl of salisbury chancellor.
who were the nevilles rivals . what did this lead to
the percies, including the duke of exeter. there was a rebellion agaisnt the protectorate in 1954. henry and cromwell put it down.
what happened when henry woke up
he was easily manipulated so reversed all of yorks decisions. released somerset and exeter from prison along with others. somerset and anjou became the leading power in government as york also resigned
what happened in the first battle of st albans
22 may 1455. somerset and york’s army met. somerset was killed. northumberland killed. henry wounded in neck. york made a show of his army submitting to the king
what happened AFTER 1 B OF SA
Yorks second protectorate. warwick becomes right hand man
what was loveday
1458 celebrations intended to reconciliate different factions
who was invited to the great council 1459
only lancastrains not yorkists. accused yorkists of treason as they rumoured that yorkists had been plotting to overthrow henry
what happened at the battle of blore heath and ludford bridge
yorkists lost. their aid (percies) intercepted by lancastrians
what was the parliament of devils
1459 . warwick salisbury and york convicted of treason.sentenced to death and land seized. heirs were disinherited
where did salisbury warwick and march arrive in 1460
kent
battle of northampton 1460
king captured. yorkissts won.
what was the act of accord 1460
made henry vi king but disinherited son and made duke of york heir.
battle of wakefield
york killed by lancastrians. salisbury killed. his head was displayed on walls of london with a paper crown
what was the battle of mortimers cross
york’s son edward, earl of march fought and won. 1461.
2 battle of st albans who lost
yorkists lost. warwick was taken by surprise. henry vi was recaptured
what happened at the battle of towton 1461
-huge armies. york outnumbered
-30-35,000 lancastrians. less than 30k yorkists/
-lancastrians had raped and pillaged
-snowstorm. windy
-both on top of hills. lancastrians higher
- wind was behind the yorkists. lancastrian arrows fell short. yorkists began to fire back enemy arrows.
-many lancastrians drowned trying to flee
- yorkists won
-henry and margaret escaped
how was warwick important
was captain of calais, used calais as his base and big army. spread rumours to make anjou unpopular. kingmaker. gained international yotkist support. burgundy
oldcastles rebellion
-jan 1914 john oldcastle led a group of religious dissidents to st giles fields.
-plan to enter eltham in disguise for christmas, royals celebrating epiphany
-aimed to kidnap king or kill him to enforce lollardy
-henry warned by spies
-put down rebellion. rumour said 25,000 rebels. only 220 known.
-oldcastle escaped
consequences of oldcastles rebellion:
-69 insurgents convicted of treason
-statue of lollards 1414- stricter measures against history, convicts all properties of lollards to the crown, helped church in searching for lollards
-oldcastle captured and was hang and burned. against king and against churchg
