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British Empire (1914-47) > India > Flashcards

India Flashcards

1
Q

Sikhs mutinied in Malaya

A

300 Sikhs
Early 1914
Took a Japanese steamer to Canada
Wanted to join Ghadr – an Indian nationalist movement in British Colombia

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2
Q

Rising of Ghadrites in Punjab

A

1915

5000 arrested and 46 hanged

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3
Q

Tilak’s Home Rule League

A

1916

32,000 members

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4
Q

Annie Besant’s All-India Home Rule League

A

1916

Smaller than Tilak’s organisation

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5
Q

Lucknow Pact

A

December 1916
Agreement between Congress and All-India Muslim League
Outlined Indian nationalist aims

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6
Q

Terms of the Lucknow Pact

A

Self-government
Separate electorates for all communities
Provincial legislative councils would have 1/5 appointed and 4/5 elected
Executive and judiciary would be separated

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7
Q

Montagu Declaration

A

20 August 1917
Montagu = current SSI
Promised eventual self-government

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8
Q

Defence of India Act

A

1915
Detention without trial, trial without jury, use of types of evidence that would be illegal in peacetime, two years imprisonment for possessing a seditious paper

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9
Q

Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act

A

1919 - Rowlatt Act
Defence of India Act could be invoked whenever there were anarchical conditions
Opposed by all 22 Indian members of the Indian Legislative Council
Jinnah resigned

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10
Q

Jallianwala Bagh meeting/Amritsar Massacre

A

13 April 1919

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11
Q

Gandhi declared a national hartal

A

6 April 1919

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12
Q

National hartal became violent

A

8 April 1919

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13
Q

5 Englishmen killed by a mob

A

10 April 1919

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14
Q

General Dyer and troops arrived in India

A

11 April 1919

Banned all public meetings and arrested local politicians

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15
Q

Number of people meeting in the Jallianwala Bagh

A

10/20,000

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16
Q

Number wounded/killed in Amritsar Massacre

A

379 killed

1200 wounded

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17
Q

Hunter Inquiry quotation on Dyer

A

‘There could be no question of undue severity’

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18
Q

Gandhi quotation following the Amritsar Massacre

A

‘cooperation…with this satanic government is sinful’

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19
Q

Government of India Act 1919

A
  1. Dyarchy in provincial councils
  2. 70% of provincial councils would now be elected
  3. Central Legislative Council would create Indias laws
  4. Central Legislative Council = LA and Council of State
  5. Viceroy appointed 41 of the 145 Legislative Assembly members and over half of the 60 Council of State members
  6. Viceroy could veto all laws
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20
Q

Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement

A

1919-1921

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21
Q

Swaraj

A

Independence

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22
Q

Satyagraha

A

‘insistence on truth’ - Gandhi’s philosophy

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23
Q

Chauri Chaura incident

A

February 1922
Congress workers in Chauri Chaura torched police stations
3 civilians and 23 policemen died
Caused Gandhi to call off his first civil disobedience campaign

24
Q

Number of people arrested in 1922

A

30,000 including Gandhi

25
Q

INC growth following Gandhi’s non-cooperation movements

A

Rose from 100,000 to 2 million

26
Q

Simon Commission

A

Formed Nov 1927
10 year review of the Gov of India Act 1919 - early as the Conservatives wanted to carry it out
No Indians on the commission (angry)

27
Q

Recommendations of the Simon Commission

A
  1. Federal system of government
  2. More power to the provinces
  3. Internal security and foreign affairs should still be controlled by the Viceroy
28
Q

Salt March

A

12 March - 6 April 1930

Part of wider civil disobedience movement

29
Q

Gathering of people before the Salt March

A

75,000 people

30
Q

Prayer meeting on the day before the Salt March

A

11 March 1930
10,000 people
Meeting led by Gandhi

31
Q

What did they do while they were marching?

A

Walked 20km per day

Prayed, spun cloth, adhered to ahimsa

32
Q

Events sparked by the Salt March across India (4)

A

Officials resigned as the march moved through different areas
March in South India organised
Protests in Bombay and NWFP
Protests at the Dharasana salt production plant

33
Q

Protests at the Dharasana salt production plant

A

Attacked by the police with steel tipped canes

2 killed and 320 injured

34
Q

Gandhi was arrested following the salt march

A

4 May 1930

35
Q

Number of others arrested following the salt march

36
Q

Round Table Conferences

37
Q

Nehru became President of the INC

38
Q

INC committed itself to complete independence

A

1929

‘purna swaraj’

39
Q

Riots in Calcutta

A

40 riots in 1926

40
Q

Which Round Table Conference did Gandhi miss?

A

The first one - 1930 - because he was in prison

41
Q

Nationalist leaders at the Round Table Conferences

A

Jinnah
Nehru
Dr Ambedkar (representing the Untouchables)

42
Q

Government of India Act 1935

A
  1. Created a federation of India
  2. Provinces became completely self-governing with wholly elected legislatures
  3. Viceroy maintained power over defence and foreign relations
43
Q

Expansion of the franchise following the Government of India Act 1935

A

From 7 to 35 million (but actually still very limited given an Indian population of around 300 million)

44
Q

Extra clause in Gov of India Act 1935 regarding the Viceroy’s power

A

Viceroy’s power would only be limited to defence and foreign relations if 50% of the princely states agreed
This did not happen before WWII - so throughout the war the central government maintained the same powers as it had done under the Gov of India Act 1919

45
Q

Provincial elections 1937 - results for Congress

A

Congress formed a government in 8 of the 11 provinces

Absolute majority in 6 and a coalition in a further 2

46
Q

Provincial elections 1937 - results for Muslim League

A

Failed to form a government in any provinces

Jinnah abandoned hope of cooperating with INC

47
Q

British position regarding the Muslim League

A

Supported them - suggested that there could be a Muslim homeland within a federal India - mainly to break the power of the INC

48
Q

Gandhi’s Quit India movement

A

1942 - mass campaign demanding British withdrawal from India

49
Q

‘Do or Die!’

A

Failed to assert non-violence during the Quit India campaign
Led to violent outbreaks

50
Q

British response to Quit India

A

Arrested/imprisoned almost the entire INC leadership until 1945

Over 1000 Indians were killed and nearly 100,000 arrested

51
Q

Indian National Army

A

Led by Bose from 1943

30,000 Indian troops (who had been captured by the Japanese) chose to fight against the British

52
Q

Gandhi called off civil disobedience campaigns in favour of talks with Irwin

A

1931
Irwin = Viceroy
Agree to try to end civil disobedience (influence of businessmen friends)

53
Q

Gandhi unsuccessfully tried to revive his civil disobedience movement

54
Q

Viceroy Lord Irwin on India’s future status

A

1929

Dominion status was the ‘natural issue of India’s constitutional progress’

55
Q

INC response to Linlithgow declaring war

A

Initially refused to support the war effort until they were given independence
Called on provincial governments to resign

British Empire (1914-47) (11 decks)

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