Colonial administrators and secretaries

Question 1

Alfred Milner

Answer 1

Secretary of State for the Colonies 1919-1921
Believed in imperial unity
Called himself a ‘British race patriot’

Question 2

Winston Churchill

Answer 2

Secretary of State for the Colonies 1921-22

Thought of Britain as a great power – opposed giving India dominion status or creating the Irish Free State

Question 3

Duke of Devonshire

Answer 3

Secretary of State for the Colonies 1922-24
Championed native rights
Devonshire White Paper 1923

Question 4

Leo Amery

Answer 4

Secretary of State for the Colonies 1924-29
Imperial unity
Promoted emigration
Supported Zionism
Wanted to create a new white dominion in Africa

Question 5

Things Amery achieved (7)

Answer 5

Set up Dominions Office
Set up EMB
New railways built in East Africa
New roads in Nigeria
New harbours in Kenya, Palestine and the Gold Coast
Colonial Medical Research Committee (CMRC) established (1927)
Agricultural Advisory Council (AAC)

Question 6

Problems facing Amery (4)

Answer 6

1. Conflict in the government of types of imperialism
2. Great Depression = lack of funding
3. Lack of moral grounding for his views
4. Lack of public support/awareness of Empire

Question 7

Lord Passfield

Answer 7

Secretary of State for the Colonies 1929-31

Passfield White Paper - reformed policy regarding Palestine

Question 8

New emphasis during this period

Answer 8

Trusteeship

Outlined in the Devonshire White Paper 1923

Question 9

Colonial services were unified so administrators were no longer appointed directly to an individual colonial government

Answer 9

1930

Question 10

Development of government departments with different roles

Answer 10

By 1930, there were 21 different subject departments

Question 11

Increase in specialist advisors within government

Answer 11

Chief Medical Advisor (1926)

Economic and Financial Advisor (1928)

Question 12

Edwin Montagu

Answer 12

SSI, 1917-22
Montagu Declaration
Gov of India Act 1919

Question 13

Lord Linlithgow

Answer 13

Viceroy, 1935-43
Gov of India Act 1935
Believed reforms would placate the Indian nationalist movement
Declared war on behalf of India without consultation

Question 14

Sir Donald Cameron

Answer 14

Governor of Tanganyika 1924-31
Governor of Nigeria 1931-35
Genuinely believed in trusteeship

Question 15

Sir Andrew Cohen

Answer 15

Served in Malta during WWII

Sympathised with African peoples - one of the first administrators to see the need for decolonisation

Question 16

Sir Ralph Furse

Answer 16

Improved recruitment and training of administrators
Centralised the colonial service in 1930
‘father of the modern colonial service’