Africa (East, West, South, Sudan, Rhodesia) Flashcards
National Congress of West Africa
1919
Founded by activists from Nigeria, Gambia, Sierra Leone and Gold Coast
Impact of National Congress of West Africa
Some concessions given in 1920s but outnumbered by appointed African chiefs on legislative councils
Rail strikes in Sierra Leone
1919 and 1926
Strikes in Nigeria
1921
West African Students’ Union
1925
Helped to unite West African students studying in London
Eg. Azikiwe and Nkrumah
Nigerian Youth Movement
Est. 1933
Shifted from promoting higher education to self-government
Nationalists were radicalised by economic depression
Fifth Pan-African Congress
1945
Pledged non-violent socialist goals
Earlier Pan-African Congresses
Emphasised African independence and black liberation politics
Ethnic breakdown in Kenya in 1920
23,000 Indians
10,000 Europeans
3 million Kenyans
Legislative Council expanded in Kenya
1921
Included Indians who had a strong presence now due to indentured labour
Devonshire White Paper
1923
Established the principle of trusteeship and promised indigenous groups that they would be given power in the future
Quotation from Devonshire White Paper
‘Primarily Kenya is an African territory’ in which ‘the interest of African natives must be paramount’
East Africa Association
1921
Founded by Henry Thuku
Broadened the campaign for African rights
Jomo Kenyatta joined the East Africa Association
1922
Kikuyu Central Association formed
1924 - Kenya
Kikuyu tribe had been forced off the land in the White Highlands to accommodate an expanding number of white settlers
Mobilised rural peasant populations to establish anti-colonialism as a mass movement
Kenyan African Study Union established
1945
Kenyan African Study Union became the Kenya African Union
1946
Kenyatta became President of the Kenya African Union
1947
Anti-colonial riots in Buganda
1945 and 1949
Strikes hit Rhodesian copper mines
1935
South African Industrial and Commercial Workers Union
Organised successful strikes in 1920
Investment in the Gezira Cotton Scheme in Sudan
1920, £3 million for dam building and expansion of irrigation
Investment in East Africa
1925, £10 million for improving rail and dock facilities
Investment in West Africa
Investment in schools and educational facilities
Limits to investment schemes in Africa
Projects still had to be funded primarily by the tax payers
British took control in Rhodesia originally
1889 - administered by BSAC
Company in Southern Rhodesia had amassed a debt of…
£4.5 million, which any new administration would have to pay off
Company agreed that the British would only have to pay…
£1.5 million provided that they confirmed the settlers’ rights to some land and minerals in Northern Rhodesia
This was agreed in 1923
Southern Rhodesia came under the full control of the Legislative Assembly
October 1923
Effectively run by the white settlers who dominated the assembly
Amery White Paper
1927
Attempted to undo the Devonshire White Paper
Stated that natives should have to share the ‘trust’ with the white settlers
Hilton Young Report
1929 - Royal Commission under Sir Edward Hilton Young stated that governing power should not be given to the white settlers
% of black Africans who went to school
Less than 10%
Governor of Tanganyika on the state of the colony during the inter-war years
‘lying in mothballs’
