Independence in Latin America

Question 1

_____ was the first Latin American colony to free itself from European rule

Answer 1

Haiti

Question 2

Haiti was a _____ colony with ______ African slaves working on sugar and coffee plantations

Answer 2

French, 500,000

Question 3

Plantations owners used _____ methods to _____ slaves

Answer 3

brutal, control

Question 4

In 1791, _________ __________ became leader of the slave uprising and helped free all of the slaves by 1801

Answer 4

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Question 5

From 1802 to 1804, Haitians fought for their _________ against Napoleon’s French army

Answer 5

independence

Question 6

In 1804, France granted Haiti its independence and created a ________

Answer 6

republic

Question 7

Throughout the Spanish colonies in _____ _______, the ______ had wealth and education but could not participate in government

Answer 7

South America, creoles

Question 8

Creoles embraced Enlightenment ideas like _______ _____ and consent of the governed

Answer 8

natural rights

Question 9

In 1810, the demand by creoles for ______ _______ led to revolutions throughout South America

Answer 9

political rights

Question 10

South America nations gained their independence because of their leadership of two _____ ________

Answer 10

creole generals

Question 11

From 1811 to 1824, Venezuelan Creole _____ _______ led an army or revolutionaries against Spain

Answer 11

Simon Bolivar

Question 12

Bolivar helped create new nations _____ _______, ____, and ______

Answer 12

Gran Colombia, Peru, Bolivia

Question 13

Argentinean creole _____ _______ led the independence movement in Southern South America

Answer 13

San Martin

Question 14

San Martin helped create new nations of ________, _____, and ______

Answer 14

Argentina, Chile, Peru

Question 15

Unlike the South America creoles, in Mexico the ______ and ______ played the leading role

Answer 15

Indians, Mestizos

Question 16

In 1810, a poor but well educated Catholic priest named ______ ______ used Enlightenment ideals to call for a revolution against Spain

Answer 16

Miguel Hidalgo

Question 17

Hidalgo led an army of ______ Indian and Mestizo revolutionaries against the Spanish military and creoles who feared losing their wealth

Answer 17

80,000

Question 18

During the rebellion, _______ ___ _____ but Mexicans found new leaders to continue the fight another 10 years

Answer 18

Hidalgo was killed

Question 19

The turning point in the war came in 1820 when the _____ _______ ______ and joined the revolt against Spain

Answer 19

creoles switched sides

Question 20

In 1821, ______ granted ______ its independence and a republic was formed

Answer 20

Spain, Mexico