INCOMPLETE MARY Flashcards
when mary coronated
1st oct 1553
thoughts john knox
firmly against catholicsism - thought female monarchs went against teaching of bible
fears of mary asension and irony
fufilment of worst fear of her father and many in political nation - result in usurption of tudors by yorkists and outbreak of civil war
evidence of broad privy council for mary
stephen gardiner became lord chancellor, but also edwards advisors like william paget
who mary free prison
duke of norfolk
simon renard
spanish ambassador of england and france - many argued he had greater influence in court than privy council
first parliament of mary
restored the liturgy in uise when henry died, and repealed the religous legislation of edward, with the exception of chantry chapels
why would it be very very hard for mary to fully return england to rome
it was anticipated requirement of pope would be to return all property confiscated - but land owners who benefited wouldn’t be prepared to surrender it
how sig was mary marriage to opposition to her
highly - united political opposition for c ommon xenophobia
age mary queen
37
why mary attracted to charles v
eldenst son of phillip, spanish, relative and good catholic, link to antwerp
why edward courtenary unsuitabel suitor
held in prison since 12 y/o, so lacking in social graces
when official marriage mary proposal accepted
end october 1553
terms mary marriage treaty
- not allowed to take queen or heirs out country without permission privy council
- not involved in wars against will
- law not dhanged
- foreignsers not hold any offices
when marriage treaty terms published
january 1554
why privy council harsh terms on phillip marriage
xenophobia rife - fear england become a satillite state
why was marys catholic reformation not as striaght forward as it may appear
- dissolution of monastries and chantries challanged key beliefs (purgatory)
- catholic images formed basis of rituals, but were now destroyed
- protestantism had encouraged discussion of religion, catholicism based on obediance
why was marys restoration, largly accepted
- affirmed by parliamentry legislation - political nation
- belief monarch alone could determine course of religon - latiy
evidence that mary understood need to carry political nation
married phillip but gave him no real powers at all
when mary parliament 1
oct 1553
when mary parliament 2
april 1554
what parliamennt 2 mary do
- bill to revives statuets against lollards and heretics
- revive act of siz articles
- not passed house of lords
who encouraged pope to swiftly accept england back to catholcisim
phillip - didn’t want to be king of a schismatic country
when thrid parliament mary
nov 1554
what mary parliamnent 3 do
- restored religious legislation which been in use in 1529
- agreed however that monastic lands not restored to church
mary - when accepted back to rome by who
30th November 1554 - Cardinal Pole absolved the whole realm of sin and welcomed england back to Christendom
how mary try resotre monatier
returned monastic lands still belonging to crown, which were worth £60,000 per year
how did mary want a catholic doctrine
incorporate elements of Henrican reform - more based on humanism - ritual calander resotred in 1554
economic issues under mary
- severe harvest faliures 1556-57 prevented complete coinage restoration
- high cost of wheat resulted in high levels of mortality and people succumbed to infleuenza
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how did economic disaster increase hostiltity to mary
Religous culture of sixteenth centure led those affected to believe that God was punishing Engoand because of religious change brought about by Mary
evidence of brutalness towards regular protestant figures mary
800 parish clergy were deprived of livings, and marian church not tolerate married clergy
EVIDENCE that marian reforms were accepted even in most protestant strongholds
- 1557 survey of kent of 243 parishes - area gave greatest support to wyatt, and where edwardian regime great impacrt
- requirement to have stone high altar and stone side altar
- rood screen with carved figures and 3 others
- almost every parish had except grave digging equipment
evidence of brutalness towards regular protestant figures mary
800 parish clergy were deprived of livings, and marian church not tolerate married clergy
EVIDENCE that marian reforms were accepted even in most protestant strongholds
- 1557 survey of kent of 243 parishes - area gave greatest support to wyatt, and where edwardian regime great impacrt
- requirement to have stone high altar and stone side altar
- rood screen with carved figures and 3 others
- almost every parish had except grave digging equipment
why was shortness of marys reign prevent total church transorfmation
- appearance and organisation easily changed
- cannot reverse fully destruction of henry and edward
- wealthy members of congregations invest in ornaments and vestments - still took time
- doctrine and laity belief changed, that cannot be reversed in such a short time
how many burnings under mary
285
why was shortness of marys reign prevent total church transorfmation
- appearance and organisation easily changed
- cannot reverse fully destruction of henry and edward
- wealthy members of congregations invest in ornaments and vestments - still took time
- doctrine and laity belief changed, that cannot be reversed in such a short time
why was shortness of marys reign prevent total church transorfmation
- appearance and organisation easily changed
- cannot reverse fully destruction of henry and edward
- wealthy members of congregations invest in ornaments and vestments - still took time
- doctrine and laity belief changed, that cannot be reversed in such a short time
why was shortness of marys reign prevent total church transorfmation
- appearance and organisation easily changed
- cannot reverse fully destruction of henry and edward
- wealthy members of congregations invest in ornaments and vestments - still took time
- doctrine and laity belief changed, that cannot be reversed in such a short time
how many mary burn
285
why marian burnigns not as bad as percieved
all monarchs executied heretics - henry 8 eecute between 57,000-72,000 (athough not all for heresey)
how did mary and pole attempt to use burnigns
propaganda to demonstrate formers bishops to recant and make aware of xonsequnces of denying catholic faith/teachings
when marian persecution truly begin
after heresy laws reintroduced, 1554
whhen and who first burnign
John Rogers - feb 1555
despite bishops, ridley and latimer, and cranmer, who most people burnt
hardly known outside their local parishes
where majority of burnings
london and south east
how mary use brunigns as prooganda nationwide
sent people to diferent parts of the country as a example to others
what and why mary harsh treatment cranmer
- held responsible for break with rome and marriage to anne boleyn
- held in prison, kept in insolation to point where he recanted protestant faith
- placed right hands to burn first symbolically returning his recantation
when and where cranmer burnt
Broad Street in Oxford 21st March 1556
why was cranmer so sig for mary support
undermined support for mary from mebers of political nation, as burned after recanted
renard arguments near end mary reign re burning
continued brunings created support for protestantism rather than allowing it to with away without leaders
other mistakes of mary and pole when restoration
- refused offer of ignatius loyola to send jesuits to england
- missed opportunity to utalise the printing press, like protestants had been doing circulating books like ‘the hunting of the Romish Wolf’
who jesuits
catholics keen to educate and convert people
how papal opposition to mary significant
- death pope julius 3 in 1555
- Election pope paul 4
- Paul hate habsburgs and so relationship eng and rome poor
- pole not install bishops so by death, 7 disoceses vacant
why were burnings made more brutal than actually were
- Pope Paul reject
- not jesuits or printing press
- short rule means as long term success no seen - burnings look unrational
when wyatt rebellion
jan 1554
timing of wyatt rebellion significance
rebellion came before burnings, suggesting political motives v. significant
aim wyatt rebellion
replace mary with elizabeth who marry edward courtenay
how many wyatt
2000
tactical why wyatt fail
failed to march str8 to london, weakening force
when and why phillip leave
follow false preganancy in August 1555 to command armies against france in flanders
when mary and pole die
10 hours apart on 17th nov 1558
