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A-LEVEL TUDORS > INCOMPLETE MARY > Flashcards

INCOMPLETE MARY Flashcards

1
Q

when mary coronated

A

1st oct 1553

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2
Q

thoughts john knox

A

firmly against catholicsism - thought female monarchs went against teaching of bible

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3
Q

fears of mary asension and irony

A

fufilment of worst fear of her father and many in political nation - result in usurption of tudors by yorkists and outbreak of civil war

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4
Q

evidence of broad privy council for mary

A

stephen gardiner became lord chancellor, but also edwards advisors like william paget

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5
Q

who mary free prison

A

duke of norfolk

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6
Q

simon renard

A

spanish ambassador of england and france - many argued he had greater influence in court than privy council

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7
Q

first parliament of mary

A

restored the liturgy in uise when henry died, and repealed the religous legislation of edward, with the exception of chantry chapels

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8
Q

why would it be very very hard for mary to fully return england to rome

A

it was anticipated requirement of pope would be to return all property confiscated - but land owners who benefited wouldn’t be prepared to surrender it

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9
Q

how sig was mary marriage to opposition to her

A

highly - united political opposition for c ommon xenophobia

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10
Q

age mary queen

A

37

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11
Q

why mary attracted to charles v

A

eldenst son of phillip, spanish, relative and good catholic, link to antwerp

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12
Q

why edward courtenary unsuitabel suitor

A

held in prison since 12 y/o, so lacking in social graces

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13
Q

when official marriage mary proposal accepted

A

end october 1553

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14
Q

terms mary marriage treaty

A
  • not allowed to take queen or heirs out country without permission privy council
  • not involved in wars against will
  • law not dhanged
  • foreignsers not hold any offices
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15
Q

when marriage treaty terms published

A

january 1554

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16
Q

why privy council harsh terms on phillip marriage

A

xenophobia rife - fear england become a satillite state

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17
Q

why was marys catholic reformation not as striaght forward as it may appear

A
  • dissolution of monastries and chantries challanged key beliefs (purgatory)
  • catholic images formed basis of rituals, but were now destroyed
  • protestantism had encouraged discussion of religion, catholicism based on obediance
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18
Q

why was marys restoration, largly accepted

A
  • affirmed by parliamentry legislation - political nation
  • belief monarch alone could determine course of religon - latiy
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19
Q

evidence that mary understood need to carry political nation

A

married phillip but gave him no real powers at all

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20
Q

when mary parliament 1

A

oct 1553

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21
Q

when mary parliament 2

A

april 1554

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22
Q

what parliamennt 2 mary do

A
  • bill to revives statuets against lollards and heretics
  • revive act of siz articles
  • not passed house of lords
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23
Q

who encouraged pope to swiftly accept england back to catholcisim

A

phillip - didn’t want to be king of a schismatic country

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24
Q

when thrid parliament mary

A

nov 1554

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25
Q

what mary parliamnent 3 do

A
  • restored religious legislation which been in use in 1529
  • agreed however that monastic lands not restored to church
26
Q

mary - when accepted back to rome by who

A

30th November 1554 - Cardinal Pole absolved the whole realm of sin and welcomed england back to Christendom

27
Q

how mary try resotre monatier

A

returned monastic lands still belonging to crown, which were worth £60,000 per year

28
Q

how did mary want a catholic doctrine

A

incorporate elements of Henrican reform - more based on humanism - ritual calander resotred in 1554

29
Q

economic issues under mary

A
  • severe harvest faliures 1556-57 prevented complete coinage restoration
  • high cost of wheat resulted in high levels of mortality and people succumbed to infleuenza

§

30
Q

how did economic disaster increase hostiltity to mary

A

Religous culture of sixteenth centure led those affected to believe that God was punishing Engoand because of religious change brought about by Mary

31
Q

evidence of brutalness towards regular protestant figures mary

A

800 parish clergy were deprived of livings, and marian church not tolerate married clergy

32
Q

EVIDENCE that marian reforms were accepted even in most protestant strongholds

A
  • 1557 survey of kent of 243 parishes - area gave greatest support to wyatt, and where edwardian regime great impacrt
  • requirement to have stone high altar and stone side altar
  • rood screen with carved figures and 3 others
  • almost every parish had except grave digging equipment
33
Q

evidence of brutalness towards regular protestant figures mary

A

800 parish clergy were deprived of livings, and marian church not tolerate married clergy

34
Q

EVIDENCE that marian reforms were accepted even in most protestant strongholds

A
  • 1557 survey of kent of 243 parishes - area gave greatest support to wyatt, and where edwardian regime great impacrt
  • requirement to have stone high altar and stone side altar
  • rood screen with carved figures and 3 others
  • almost every parish had except grave digging equipment
35
Q

why was shortness of marys reign prevent total church transorfmation

A
  • appearance and organisation easily changed
  • cannot reverse fully destruction of henry and edward
  • wealthy members of congregations invest in ornaments and vestments - still took time
  • doctrine and laity belief changed, that cannot be reversed in such a short time
36
Q

how many burnings under mary

A

285

37
Q

why was shortness of marys reign prevent total church transorfmation

A
  • appearance and organisation easily changed
  • cannot reverse fully destruction of henry and edward
  • wealthy members of congregations invest in ornaments and vestments - still took time
  • doctrine and laity belief changed, that cannot be reversed in such a short time
38
Q

why was shortness of marys reign prevent total church transorfmation

A
  • appearance and organisation easily changed
  • cannot reverse fully destruction of henry and edward
  • wealthy members of congregations invest in ornaments and vestments - still took time
  • doctrine and laity belief changed, that cannot be reversed in such a short time
39
Q

why was shortness of marys reign prevent total church transorfmation

A
  • appearance and organisation easily changed
  • cannot reverse fully destruction of henry and edward
  • wealthy members of congregations invest in ornaments and vestments - still took time
  • doctrine and laity belief changed, that cannot be reversed in such a short time
40
Q

how many mary burn

A

285

41
Q

why marian burnigns not as bad as percieved

A

all monarchs executied heretics - henry 8 eecute between 57,000-72,000 (athough not all for heresey)

42
Q

how did mary and pole attempt to use burnigns

A

propaganda to demonstrate formers bishops to recant and make aware of xonsequnces of denying catholic faith/teachings

43
Q

when marian persecution truly begin

A

after heresy laws reintroduced, 1554

44
Q

whhen and who first burnign

A

John Rogers - feb 1555

45
Q

despite bishops, ridley and latimer, and cranmer, who most people burnt

A

hardly known outside their local parishes

46
Q

where majority of burnings

A

london and south east

47
Q

how mary use brunigns as prooganda nationwide

A

sent people to diferent parts of the country as a example to others

48
Q

what and why mary harsh treatment cranmer

A
  • held responsible for break with rome and marriage to anne boleyn
  • held in prison, kept in insolation to point where he recanted protestant faith
  • placed right hands to burn first symbolically returning his recantation
49
Q

when and where cranmer burnt

A

Broad Street in Oxford 21st March 1556

50
Q

why was cranmer so sig for mary support

A

undermined support for mary from mebers of political nation, as burned after recanted

51
Q

renard arguments near end mary reign re burning

A

continued brunings created support for protestantism rather than allowing it to with away without leaders

52
Q

other mistakes of mary and pole when restoration

A
  • refused offer of ignatius loyola to send jesuits to england
  • missed opportunity to utalise the printing press, like protestants had been doing circulating books like ‘the hunting of the Romish Wolf’
53
Q

who jesuits

A

catholics keen to educate and convert people

54
Q

how papal opposition to mary significant

A
  • death pope julius 3 in 1555
  • Election pope paul 4
  • Paul hate habsburgs and so relationship eng and rome poor
  • pole not install bishops so by death, 7 disoceses vacant
55
Q

why were burnings made more brutal than actually were

A
  • Pope Paul reject
  • not jesuits or printing press
  • short rule means as long term success no seen - burnings look unrational
56
Q

when wyatt rebellion

A

jan 1554

57
Q

timing of wyatt rebellion significance

A

rebellion came before burnings, suggesting political motives v. significant

58
Q

aim wyatt rebellion

A

replace mary with elizabeth who marry edward courtenay

59
Q

how many wyatt

A

2000

60
Q

tactical why wyatt fail

A

failed to march str8 to london, weakening force

61
Q

when and why phillip leave

A

follow false preganancy in August 1555 to command armies against france in flanders

62
Q

when mary and pole die

A

10 hours apart on 17th nov 1558

A-LEVEL TUDORS (17 decks)

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