Chapter 9 Flashcards
Particularly, what new religious idea did Cranmer and Cromwell want to introduce into the Church after the break from Rome
Lutheranism
What were the specific aims of Cranmer and Cromwell after the break from Rome
Introduce a Bible in English, and undermine salvation through good works
What faction were Cromwell and Cranmer part of
Reformist
In the 1530’s what was the most crushing defeat for the Reformist faction
Introduction of the Six Articles in June 1539
What was Henry’s view on re-marrying after Jane Seymour’s death
- Reluctant
- Yet aware of the risks associated with only having one son
- He himself only became King due to his brother, Arthur’s death
What led Henry to appreciate the risks associated with having only one son
He himself only became King due to his brother, Arthur’s death
How did Cromwell view the possibility of a fourth marriage as an opportunity for
Secure a marriage alliance as a bulwark against the unified might of France and the Holy Roman Empire
What events meant that Cromwell felt the need to secure a marriage alliance as a bulwark against the unified might of France and the Holy Roman Empire
- Treaty of Nice - June 1538
- Excommunication - December 1538
Why were so few countries willing to ally themselves with Henry when he was seeking his fourth marriage
Few wanted to ally with a country that rejected the Pope
Where was Anne of Cleves from
German Schmalkaldic League
Why was Anne of Cleves a suitable wife for Henry
She had also broken from Rome, yet upheld an essentially Catholic doctrine
When did Henry and Anne of Cleves marry
January 1540
When did Henry seek an annulment from Anne of Cleves on grounds of non-consumation
July 1540
What reason was given for Henry and Anne’s annulement in July 1540
Non-consumation
What shows how Cromwell was still useful to Henry until very soon before his death
Was awarded Earl of Essex, and Lord Great Chamberlain in April 1540
When was Cromwell awarded Earl of Essex, and Lord Great Chamberlain
April 1540
What were the factors in Cromwell’s execution
- Faliure to deal with a group of heretics in Calais
- Subsequent attack from Conservatives
- Cleves marriage faliure
When was Cromwell’s execution
July 28th 1540
What was the implications of Cromwell’s death on Government advice
Dependant on factional influence only
What were Henry’s four main foreign policy aims
- Secure Tudor dynasty
- Establish himself as an equal to Charles V and Francis I
- Regain control of former French terretories
- Maintain trade links with Netherlands
When Treaty of Nice signed, and what did this mean
- June 1538
- Ended Habsburg-Valois conflict
When did the Pope call on France and the Holy Roman Empire to mount a crusade, and restore England to Catholisisim
December 1538
What happened in December 1538
Pope Paul III excommunicate
What was the domestic consequence of the Pope calling on France and the Holy Roman Empire to mount a crusade and restore England to Catholism
Imperial ambassadors were withdrawn
When was an attempted alliance sought between England the Holy Roman Empire after England was excommunicated
Stephen Gardiner sent to the Imperial court to negoatiate an alliance in Spring 1541
What is the overriding reason for WHEN religious changes were introduced in Henry’s reign after the Break from Rome
Foreign affairs, as Henry did not want to risk a joint Franco-Imperial invasion
What is the significance of Henry not wanting to risk a joint Franco-Imperial invasion regarding his own religious policy
Determined WHEN his changes would be introduced
What were the primary beliefs of the conservative faction
Purgatory and salvation through good works
Who initially presented Katherine Howard to henry
Duke of Norfolk
when were K Howard and Henry married
August 1540
Good analysis of the role of K Howard in factional rivalry
She was little more than a pawn in the elaborate game which was being played between factions, to gain power and influence
When was K howard executed
Feburary 1542
What did the Conservative factions rivals do to dismiss K howard
Compiled evidence of Katherine’s affair with Thomas Culpepper, resulting in her execution
From what point was factional influence greatly insignificant in influencing Henry’s religious policy
The fall of Cromwell, and disgrace of the conservatives after K howard’s execution
