Incident Response Pocket Guide 2022 Flashcards
In confusing and uncertain situations, a good operational leader will:
• TAKE CHARGE of assigned resources.
• ASSESS SITUATION by gaining intel.
• MOTIVATE firefighters with a “can do safely” attitude.
• DEMONSTRATE INITIATIVE by taking action in the absence of orders.
• COMMUNICATE by giving specific instructions and asking for feedback.
• SUPERVISE at the scene of action.
All leaders of firefighters have the responsibility to provide complete briefings and ensure that subordinates have a clear understanding of their intent for the assignment.
To provide Leader’s Intent:
• Task = What is to be done?
• Purpose = Why it is to be done?
• End State = How should it look when done?
Human Factor Barriers to Situation Awareness includes hazardous attitudes.
Examples of hazardous attitudes that affect Situation Awareness:
• Invulnerable – That can’t happen to us.
• Anti-authority – Disregard of the team effort.
• Impulsive – Do something even if it’s wrong.
• Macho – Trying to impress or prove something.
• Complacent – Just another routine fire.
• Resigned – We can’t make a difference.
• Group Think – Afraid to speak up or disagree.
Planning for Medical Emergencies
Prior to each operational period, ICs, supervisors, and all wildland firefighters need to ask and be able to answer the following three questions:
- What are we going to do if someone gets hurt?
- How will we get them out of here?
- How long will it take to get them to a hospital?
5 Common Denominators of Fire Behavior on Tragedy Fires:
- On relatively small fires or deceptively quiet areas of large fires.
- In relatively light fuels, such as grass, herbaceous fuels, and light brush.
- When there is an unexpected shift in wind direction or in wind speed.
- When fire responds to topographic conditions and runs uphill.
- During critical burn period between 1400 and 1700.
Alignment of ________ during the CRITICAL BURNING PERIOD should be considered a trigger point to reevaluate tactics. Blowup to burnover conditions generally occur in less than 60 minutes and can be as little as 5 minutes.
A tactical pause may be prudent around ______hrs for reevaluating your situation awareness of topography, weather, and fuel.
TOPOGRAPHY and WIND
1400hrs
Time available to use escape routes will DECREASE and safety zone size will INCREASE (possibly by more than double) as wind exceeds _____ mph and/or slope exceeds _____%
10mph
20%
A safety zone is an area where a firefighter can survive without a ________.
fire shelter
Safety Zones:
Separation distance between the firefighter and the flames should be at least _____ times the maximum continuous flame height.
Calculations are based on _______ heat only
4
(Ex: flame height 10’ = 40’ separation distancej
Radiant
(Calculations DO NOT account for CONVECTIVE heat from wind and/or terrain influences.)
1 acre is approximately the size of a football field or _____ft by _____ft.
208’ by 208’
Downhill fireline construction is hazardous in _______, __________, or _______.
It should not be attempted unless there is no tactical alternative.
-steep terrain
-fast-burning fuels
-rapidly changing weather
Do not commit to stay and protect a structure unless a safety zone has been identified during sizeup and triage.
Move to the nearest safety zone, let the fire front pass, and return as soon as conditions allow.
Structure protection is inherently dangerous because it involves _______ firefighting.
indirect
Structure Triage
The determining factor for a defensible vs a non-defensible structure is?
Presence of a safety zone (defensible)
Or lack thereof (non-defensible)
Structure Triage Tactics
Defensible – Prep and Hold
Determining Factor: Safety zone present.
Sizeup: Structure has some tactical challenges.
Tactics: ?
Tactics: Firefighters needed on site to implement structure protection tactics during fire front contact.
Structure Triage Tactics
Defensible – Standalone
Determining Factor: Safety zone present.
Sizeup: Structure has very few tactical challenges.
Tactics:?
Tactics: Firefighters may not need to be directly assigned to protect structure as it is not likely to ignite during initial fire front contact. Patrol following the passage of the fire front will be needed to protect the structure.
Structure Triage Tactics
Non-Defensible – Prep and Leave
Determining Factor: NO safety zone present.
Sizeup: Structure has some tactical challenges.
Tactics:?
Tactics: Firefighters not able to commit to stay and protect structure. If time allows, rapid mitigation measures may be performed. Set trigger point for safe retreat. Patrol following the passage of the fire front will be needed to protect the structure.
Structure Triage Tactics
Non-Defensible – Rescue Drive-By
Determining Factor: NO safety zone present.
Sizeup: Structure has significant tactical challenges.
Tactics:?
Tactics: Firefighters not able to commit to stay and protect structure. If time allows, check to ensure that people are not present in the threatened structure. Set trigger point for safe retreat. Patrol following the passage of the fire front will be needed to protect the structure.
Structure Protection Tactics
Keep _____ gallons of water in reserve.
100 gallons
Approaching thunderstorms may be noted by:
-sudden reverse in wind direction
-noticeable rise in wind speed
-sharp drop in temperature
(Rain, hail, and lightning occur only in the MATURE STAGE of a thunderstorm.)
Thunderstorms:
Take storm precautions AS SOON as you HEAR THUNDER, not when the storm is upon you. Do not resume work in exposed areas until _____ minutes after storm activity has passed.
30 mins
Thunderstorm Safety:
If you feel your skin tingle or your hair stand on end, immediately _________.
Crouch low to the ground. Make yourself the smallest possible target and minimize your contact with the ground. You can use a pack to sit on.
(Never lie on ground)
Individuals may turn down an assignment as unsafe when:
- There is a violation of safe work practices.
- Environmental conditions make the work unsafe.
- They lack the necessary qualifications or experience.
- Defective equipment is being used.
- The individual directly informs their supervisor they are turning down the assignment as given. Use the criteria outlined in the Risk Management Process (10 Standard Firefighting Orders, 18 Watch Out Situations, etc.) to document the turn down.
- Supervisor notifies Safety Officer of turn down. If no Safety Officer present, notify Section Chief or IC.
- Resources asked to perform the assignment of a previous turndown must be informed of the turndown and the reasons why.
Turning down an assignment:
If an unresolved safety hazard exists or an unsafe act was committed, the individual should also document the turn down by submitting a _______ (ground hazard) or SAFECOM (aviation hazard) form in a timely manner.
SAFENET
When an individual feels an assignment is unsafe, they also have the OBLIGATION to identify, to the degree possible, safe alternatives for completing that assignment. Turning down an assignment is one possible outcome of managing _______.
risk
Powerlines:
Heavy smoke and flames can cause arcs to ground. DIRECT ATTACK must be abandoned within _____ feet of POWERLINES (different from transmission TOWERS — 35 ft).
100 ft
(This includes if heavy smoke or flame is within 100 ft of power lines)
Powerline Safety:
Always maintain a distance of _____ feet from transmission TOWERS.
35 ft
Unexploded ordnance (UXO) is most likely to be encountered on military or former military sites (ammunition, grenades, mortars, ect).
Report discovery of UXO to your IMMEDIATE SUPERVISOR and/or DISPATCH.
Keep a minimum of ______ feet away from areas on fire that contain suspected UXO.
1,000 ft
When responding to an incident with oil and gas fields and/or coal seams, you MUST RECEIVE the appropriate TRAINING or a BRIEFING before your operational assignment. Primary hazards include TOXIC GASES as well as industry operations and facilities.
Park at least ______ feet away from facilities and equipment. Avoid tampering with the oil and gas pumping equipment.
Seek immediate medical care at a hospital if ______ exposure is suspected.
-20 ft
-Hydrogen Sulfide Gas (H2S)
(Exposure indicators include high heart rate, respiratory paralysis, seizures, and rapid incapacitation.)
_________ resources have the highest smoke exposures.
Symptoms of over exposure start with headaches and visual impairment, then impaired decision-making, and possible death (from carbon monoxide).
-Direct attack
-Line holding
-Mop up
Last Resort Survival:
Drop your gear to increase escape speed. Keep your fire shelter and if time allows keep your:
-hand tool
-water
-radio.
Picking a fire shelter deployment site:
• Your FIRST PRIORITY is to maximize distance from nearest surface fuels.
• Find the lowest point available.
• If possible, pick a surface that allows the fire shelter to seal, and remove ground fuels.
• Get into the fire shelter before the flame front hits.
• Position your feet TOWARD the fire and hold down the fire shelter.
• Keep your face pressed into the ground and protect your airway.
• Deploy next to each other and keep talking.
The four CRITICAL weather elements include:
• Low RH
• Unstable air
• Strong surface wind
• Drought
Responding to large scale disasters & Structure Hazard Marking System:
Responding to large scale disasters & Search and Rescue (SAR) Marking System:
Helicopter Hand Signals:
Strategy - Direct Attack:
Strategy - Indirect attack:
How many Standard Firefighting Orders are there?
10
18 Wildland Watchout Situations:
Helicopter/Airship Orientation Compass:
Interpreting a Smoke Column:
Landing sites for helicopters:
