IN203 Flashcards
ATC will only issue an in-flight clearance if requested by the pilot.
False
There is no requirement for airborne pilots to read back ATC clearances, however you should read back what?
Those parts of ATC clearances and instructions containing “numbers”, as in altitude assignments, headings, or altimeter settings.
When receiving a new in-flight clearance, you should read back any ______ the controller gives you.
Altimeter setting, altitude and/or heading
What specific terminology does a holding pattern use?
Holding fix (defined by NAVAID, DME, intersection or GPS) Holding side Nonholding side Inbound course Leg length (defined by time or distance)
What turns are used for holding?
All turns are standard rate turns (3° a second) but not to exceed 30° angle of bank.
Which way do you turn for a non standard holding pattern?
Left
In a nonstandard holding pattern, all turns are made to the right.
False
Holding requires a course and a fix. How may a fix be defined?
Directly over a NAVAID (VOR/NDB)
Using a radial and DME from a NAVAID
At a GPS Waypoint
At a published intersection
If DME leg lengths are not depicted for holding leg length, how do you ensure proper ground track?
In that case timing will be required to fly the pattern.
When GPS is used for holding, how may the patterns be defined?
NM, time, or other waypoints
What should you push on the GPS when performing GPS holding?
Select OBS on the GPS panel prior to the fix. Otherwise, at the fix the GPS will step to the next waypoint and could result in you holding at the wrong fix.
When issued a holding clearance, how is the ‘direction’ of the hold defined (ie. “Hold North/South” ect.)?
It is always defined as the direction of the inbound leg to the station/fix.
Holding can be accomplished at ______.
A VOR
a GPS fix
a VORTAC
an intersection
What is holding speed?
150 knots
When should you begin slowing to holding speed?
Within 3 minutes prior
Does ATC instructions overrule published procedures for holding?
Yes
When established in a holding pattern awaiting approach clearance, ATC should issue the approach clearance, or an amended EFC, at least how many minutes prior to the last EFC you were issued?
5 minutes prior
If you reach the EFC time and are unable to contact ATC, what are you expected to do?
You are expected to commence the desired approach as close to your EFC as possible.
How many holding sectors are there?
Three (a,b,c)
What are the three holding sectors and their associated procedures?
Sector (a) - parallel
Sector (b) - teardrop
Sector (c) - direct
If the holding pattern is based on timing, the initial outbound leg time must not exceed ________ if above 14,000 feet MSL
1.5 minutes
If the holding pattern is based on timing, the initial outbound leg time must not exceed ________ if at or below 14,000 feet MSL
1 minute
If you are on an inbound course within 70 degrees of aircraft heading, what type of entry should you use (for holding)?
Direct entry
When should you use parallel entry for holding?
Use the parallel entry if your inbound holding course is not within 70° of the aircraft heading. Cross the holding fix and turn outbound in the shorter direction to parallel the holding course.
When do you use teardrop entry?
The teardrop entry is performed by crossing the holding fix and turning outbound on the holding side to a selected teardrop heading. You may teardrop anytime your aircraft heading is conveniently aligned with the selected teardrop heading.
What are the two methods of holding entry?
The 70 method
The AIM method
As you approach the fix, if your heading is within _____________, you may use the entry procedures for either sector.
5° of a sector boundary
The three holding sectors and their associated procedures for a nonstandard holding pattern are:
Sector (a) - parallel
Sector (b) - teardrop
Sector (c) - direct if you don’t meet the entry
criteria at initial holding fix passage for a
parallel or teardrop entry.
Which of the following IS NOT an AIM holding entry procedure?
a. Parallel entry
b. Standard entry
c. Teardrop entry
d. Direct entry
b. Standard entry
What timing rules are used for the initial outbound holding leg to define inbound leg length when holding at a non-DME pattern
Same as DME:
above 14,000 feet MSL time for 1 1/2 minutes inbound
at or below 14,000 feet MSL time for 1 minute inbound
You are established in a VOR holding pattern at 13,000 feet MSL. How long should the second inbound leg be?
1 minute
How to calculate inbound drift correction?
MACH. Divide the crosswind by (Mach number X ten).
TAS. Divide the crosswind by aircraft speed in nautical miles per minute
If the crosswind component is not known, correct for crosswind using the_______
Drift method
Describe the Drift method.
- Fly the initial outbound leg as a no wind leg.
- Intercept the inbound holding course. Note the number of degrees of crab to maintain course
- Once your inbound drift correction is determined, when outbound, triple the inbound drift correction.
Using the drift method. If correcting right by 5 degrees when inbound, how much should you correct when outbound?
Left 15 degrees.
You are flying in 30 knots crosswind at 120 KTAS, what is your drift correction?
30 / 2 = 15° drift correction.
What type of clearance should you expect if you have major changes to your flight plan enroute?
A new ATC clearance
What FLIP planning document contains specific information on maximum holding airspeeds, holding patterns, and how controllers will issue holding instructions?
FLIP General Planning
When are you considered established in the holding pattern?
Upon initial passage of the holding fix
You were given clearance to hold enroute at an unpublished holding fix and the controller did not specify the direction of turn. What type of holding pattern will you fly and when would you begin to slow to holding airspeed?
Standard and three minutes prior to the fix
When do you begin timing outbound in a VOR holding pattern?
Over or abeam the holding fix but if unable to determine the abeam position when wings-level outbound
For an AIM teardrop entry, turn ______ to a heading for a ______° teardrop entry on the holding side.
outbound; 30
Which of the following defines a nonstandard holding pattern?
a. Holding altitude is below 14,000 feet.
b. All turns are away from the holding side.
c. The holding fix is not co-located with the NAVAID.
d. The holding pattern consists of left-hand turns.
The holding pattern consists of left-hand turns.
