in depth parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

Question 1

how does the sympathetic nervous system prepare the body for emergency situations

Answer 1

increasing HR, dilating pupils, dilating airways, release glucose for energy, inhibit non essential functions like digestion

lots of effects in our CV system

Question 2

does SNS require continuous stimulation

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

describe blood shunting in the SNS

Answer 3

shunts blood to skeletal muscles by increasing HR and BP

up to 75% of our blood can be shifted to the skeletal muscle during SNS stimulation

Question 4

dilating bronchioles does what during SNS

Answer 4

allows us to breathe better to get more O2

Question 5

neurotransmitters in SNS

Answer 5

epinephrine floods in from adrenal glands
norepi released directly from CNS

coordinated effort to active multiple different systems at once

Question 6

parasympathetic brings us back to ___

Answer 6

normal and then shuts off
only requires one stimulus
help body return to calm state after stress

promotes energy conversation and routine maintenance activities such as digestion, slowing down HR, and stimulating glandular secretions

Question 7

PNS shunts blood to the

Answer 7

endocrine, GI, and GU systems

Question 8

which nervous system has a widespread impact

Answer 8

SNS–> HR and BP increased and blood shunted to skeletal muscles

reaches organs and tissues throughout the body

Question 9

acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter for what system

Answer 9

is in the SNS and PNS

Question 10

main neurotransmitter for SNS

Answer 10

norepinephrine

Question 11

name the neurotransmitters for the SNS

Answer 11

acetylcholine- causes us to sweat(malodorous to deter anything chasing us)

norepinephrine- main neurotransmitter

epinephrine- released from the adrenal glands into bloodstream

dopamine

Question 12

SNS receptors

Answer 12

nicotinic– found in the ganglia–> good job in initiating signal cascade

adrenergic receptors– found in the target organ–> alpha and beta
–> norepi and epi bind to these

Question 13

origin of SNS fibers with receptors

Answer 13

thoraactolumbar branch

Question 14

preganglionic fibers of the SNS

Answer 14

short
come off the CNS
most terminate in the ganglia paravertebral chains

Question 15

post ganglionic fibers in the SNS

Answer 15

very long
innervate the affected tissue/organ

Question 16

chain ganglion in the SNS are very close to the

Answer 16

spinal cord

Question 17

PNS innervates only

Answer 17

specific visceral structures

Question 18

PNS effects are

Answer 18

short lived because only bringing us back down to homeostasis

Question 19

PNS neurotransmitter and receptors

Answer 19

acetylcholine

nicotinic
muscarinic– found on target organs

Question 20

branch PNS comes off of

Answer 20

craniosacral branch

leave CNS through cranial nerves and sacral spinal roots

Question 21

important PNS cranial nerve

Answer 21

vagus nerve
stimulates lots of our internal organs to slow down heart rate or increase constriction of lungs

75% of all PNS output goes thru vagus nerve(could be problematic with asthma)

Question 22

post and pre fibers in PNS

Answer 22

preganglionic fibers are long–> go all the way to the heart

post ganglionic fibers are short

ganglia are close to target organs or on it

no chain ganglion

Question 23

chain ganglia in the SNS

Answer 23

not in the PNS

play critical role in transmitting signals from CNS to target organs

relay stations; along length of spinal cord

pre are short from spinal synapse to ganglia

post are long from target organs

Question 24

plexi in the PNS

Answer 24

similar to chain ganglia by being relay stations

close to walls of target organs

fibers opposite of chain ganglia