In Class Notes (2/12, 2/14, and 2/17) Flashcards
The category to which others assign individuals on the basis of physical characteristics, such as skin color or hair type, and the generalizations and stereotypes made as a result:
Race
The process through which groups become labeled and defined as a race, coinciding with the unequal treatment of that group:
Societal-Level Racialization
The process through which an individual is categorized by others, typically based on physical features and behavioral stereotypes:
Individual-Level Racial Categorization
A pseudoscience that attempted to determine the qualities of humans based on skull measurements:
Phrenology
A system of advantage based on race:
Racism
Two Types of Racism:
Individual actions and Societal structures
A practice of refusing someone credit, a loan, or insurance based on their race or ethnicity, even if they were qualified:
Redlining
A psychological approach stating that external stimuli explain behavior, emphasizing responses, learning, and reinforcement:
Behaviorism
A learning process that connects stimuli with responses:
Conditioning
Learning occurs as a consequence of behavior:
Operant Learning/Conditioning
An object or event becomes associated with a response:
Associational Learning/Classical Conditioning
Something that naturally occurs:
Unconditioned Stimulus
A natural response to the US:
Unconditioned Response
Something that doesn’t yet trigger an UR:
Neutral Stimulus
When the NS has an association with the response:
Conditioned Stimulus
Learning by observing others’ behavior:
Observational Learning
Social knowledge that helps us create expectations of future events:
Schemas
Process of updating schemas based on new information:
Accommodation
Process of changing conflicting information to fit existing schemas:
Assimilation
Tendency to favor information that confirms expectations, regardless of whether that information is true:
Confirmation Bias
Compared to disconfirming information, info that confirms expectations is (3):
-More easily processed
-More easily understood
-Has a bigger impact on memory
