Important Theories Flashcards
Psychodynamic Theory
Little or no free will. the unconscious lies behind every mental process. Id/ego/superego
ID
only component of personality that is around from birth. entirely unconscious and includes instintive and primitive behaviors. primary component of personality. strives for immediate gratificaiton of desires.
EGO
responsible for dealing with reality. Ensures impluses can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real work. functions in conscious, preconscious and unconscious mind. based on reality - wants to satisfy ID realistically and appropriately
SUPEREGO
right vs wrong. guidelines for making judgement. GUILT. forms around age 5. includes ego ideal and conscience.
EGO IDEAL
rules and standards for good behaviors. approval by parents/authoirty
Conscious
info about things that are viewed as bad by parents/society. behaviors are typically forbidden and lead to consequences.
primary proces thinking
language of the unconscious (dreams, associations, slips of tounges)
Ego Psychology (psychodynamic theory)
ana freud - focuses on healthy individual; basic drives are influenced by the environment and critical periods.
*draws heavily from psychoanalysis and utilizes effects of conscious and unconcsious
* individuals are products of the past and past explains the present.
Object relations theory
Mahler/Associates: more of a psychosocial/human development
object relations theory
according to mahler, a child must separate so one can move from being a part of the other to being a member of thefamily
object relations theory
transitional objects
EGO PSYCHOLOGY: Suggestion
the therapists plants a seed/idea
Abreaction
strong emotions are discussed in regard to the issue/cathartic
manipulation
therapists directly/indirectly influences the client to a plan of action
clarification
therapists pinpoints significant themes.
interpretation
make inferences based on what the therapist hears and believes
client centered theory - founder
by carl rogers
client centered theory
lacks authoritative rigidity/dogma. based on relationship theory.
client centered theory
basic goal of therapy is to release an already existing capacity for self-actualization in a potentially competent individual.”
client centered theory
techniques: non-directive/passive, reflective; therapist is seen as an active listener
functional therapy
problem solving focus with a free will contrasted with diagnostic school of thought (psych)
functional therapy
two pioneers were jesse taft and virginia Robinson.
functional therapy
highlights the importance of agency function in the helping process. DX is related to use of services and is expected to change as client needs change.
functional theory
Agency function gives focus, content, and legitimatecy to services provided. Place where interests of society/individuals join.
functional theory
cients are active in this model and are capable of individual choice.
systems theory
analysis is taken primarily from the work of pincus, minahan and garvin
systems theory
two primary values:
*society has the obligation to ensure that people have access to resources and opportunity.
*When providing resources dignity and individuality should be obtained.
assumptions of systems theory
general systems theory involves goal oriented planned change
assumptions of systems theory
small group/individual as seen as organic entity with boundaries, purposes and mechanisms for attaining change and maintaining stability. What happens to one component of a system directly affects another.
four systems are identified
change agent
client system
target system
action system
Change Agent
Includes the change agnt and others within the agency or employment organization
Client System
people who sanction or request services the expected beneficiaries of the service and those who have a working agreement with the change agent
target system
people or things that need to be changed to accomplish the goal
Action system:
Change agent and individuals that help accomplish change
techniques of systems theory
educating, advocacy, facilitation and intervention
systems theory
problems are not in the client, they are in the system
ecological systems perspective
study of relations between the organism and environment; transactional exchanges with each one affecting the other
ecological systems perspective
considered a good model to use to address minority concerns since it addresses the person in cultural environment
ecological systems perspective
must include the community in every part of the assessment.
ecological systems perspective
adaption and goodness of fit must be established; environment relationships can be either positive OR negative
ecological systems perspective
clients are seen as active and primary prevention strategies are stressed between clients, life transitions, interpersonal processes and environmental properties.
Family Systems/Family Therapy
treatment is focused toward a family/group and is the core of treatment. Treatment is not dependent on all members attending sessions.
Family Systems/Family Therapy
general systems and communication theory form core of family therapy.
Family Systems/Family Therapy
dysfunction is seen as an interpersonal process, not within an individiual
Family Systems/Family Therapy
everything functions together, so when one part of a system changes, the other parts with all change.
Family Systems/Family Therapy
goal is always homeostasis
family therapy applied in practice
realize importance of relationship influences and family interaction patterns.
Family Systems/Family Therapy applied in practice
help identify influentual relationships at each life stage and how it influences the future
family therapy applied in practice
use your power as a therapist to develop a positive relationship for change, helping to identify and anticipate problems based on relationship patterns.
social learning theory
Albert Bandura - focused on motivational needs, drives and impulses and cognitions toward action or change are not enough. We are social creatures and therefore must take into account social environment.
social learning theory
learning takes place through observation and reinforcement in the social system. opposites would never attract
social learning theory
reinforcement is key to continuing behavior. feedback is important with self evaluative comments. most powerful way to maintain a behavior.
how social learning theory is applied to practice
specificity: when things are clearly and concretley identified
successive approximations: small steps to achieve a goal
modeling: complex learning takes place through watching behaviors of others
Performance: completing/actually doing makes the behavior more ingrained.
classical model of social learning theory
pavlov dogs, relationship between a stimulus and a response is unlearned
operant model of conditioning
skinner, learning and reinforcement, emphasis of condequences.
Client centered theory
carl rogers
basic goal is to release an already exisiting capacity for self actualization
behavior therapy/modification
most empirical of all treatment methods, relys heavily on research based treatment
behavior therapy/modification
applied behavioral analysis (skinner) ————–>Cognitive behavior modificiation (Wolpe, Beck)
bf skinner
Knowledge is behavior and thus all knowledge ccan be measure through behavior
john wolpe et all
emphasizes thoughts that seem to relate to behavior, ie positive vs negative reinforcement
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT)
Albert Ellis
dysfunctional behaviors are the result of irrationals thoughts and beliefs
watch out for shoulds/musts
